Varroa destructor is the parasitic mite of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. It presents a major threat to the health of bees and to the quality and quantity of honey. Varroa destructor have increased their resistance to acaricides; consequently, the mites or their vector viruses become more virulent. Infested colonies, commonly referred to as ‘mite bombs’, facilitate the dispersal of mites and transmission of disease to stronger and healthier colonies. Acaricides are the most used means of control, although the use of these chemical products has a negative impact on the health of bees, the quality of honey, human health, and the environment. The argan tree of the genus Argania is a tropical tree of the Sapotaceae family. This plant is very important economically. The argan tree is the source of biologically active and edible oil. In this context, we aim to test the bioacaricide power of the argan tree to fight the V. destructor by molecular modelling methods.

Greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, are very small sucker-whipper-type pests of the family Aleyrodidae. They cause considerable damage to greenhouse crops in the first order and show resistance to chemical insecticides. In this context, we dedicated this study to the control of this pest through the active ingredients extracted from the leaf and fruit part of the pepper tree, Schinus molle by inhibiting the chemosensory protein responsible mainly for capturing external stimuli in these polyphagous insects. By applying molecular modeling methods, including molecular docking, using software Molegro Virtual Docker version 2012.5.5.0, we tested the bioinsecticide potency of seven inhibitors. The results obtained show that the molecule beta- elemol is the best chemosensory protein inhibitor with a score of –82.6648 Kcal/mol and that it forms strong bonds with the active site amino acids of the protein.

This study is based on a ruderal species: Malva subovata = Lavatera maritima which should normally grow in the littoral, under maritime influence. Its presence in the matorrals is highlighted for the first time. as it has been found far from its natural habitat. The comparison of the different biological and morphological spectra shows the importance of the therophytes that confirms the phenomenon of degradation. This degradation shows a depletion of the floristic procession, especially concerning sylvatic species which have given way to ephemeral therophytes and chamæphytes. Despite the presence of a shrubby layer, it is no longer a question of a forest ecosystem but of a pre-forest ecosystem. To better understand the characteristics of this Malvaceae in terms of resistance and adaptation in matorrals, we often use the phytomass of all anthropozoic formations and more specifically the phytomass of the species that characterize this group.  In our case, this is Malva subovata. The results of the morphometric study constitute a basic element for the evaluation of the adaptive potential of our Lavatère against the degradation factors.