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Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of more than 60% of the world's human population. This bacterium plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of different diseases of the digestive system, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infection is very important in the effective management of many gastroduodenal diseases. There is no gold typical technique that is been well-known for the detection of H. pylori infection. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for glmM and 16S rRNA genes was established in our study for sensitive detection of H. pylori from gastric biopsies. Different classical detection techniques have been used lately with mPCR like Rapid Urease Test (RUT), histology and antibody (Serology) test. Detection of housekeeping (HK) genes by monoplex and multiplex PCR with different sets of primers for 16S rRNA due to heterogenicity and high variability in this gene. Our results show that a total of 123 (58.5 %) from 210 patients were positive for H. pylori infection. H. pylori were detected in 46.6% (98/210) by RUT, 54.7% (115/210) by histology, 85.7% (180/210 false-positive results were included) by H. pylori IgG, and 57.1% (120/210) through mPCR. By this molecular technique, H. pylori were detected in 100% of biopsies with positive histology and RUT. Our Conclusions prove that the mPCR was able to detect the highest numbers of positive cases although the lowest average scores for inflammation and activity.

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