No abstract

Organophosphate compounds are regarded as a class of pesticides that are used in farming. Their extensive use, especially in developing countries, is a serious public health problem. Numerous studies have shown the effects of these toxins on various parts of the human and other vertebrates’ bodies, including the cardiovascular, hepatobiliary, renal, and reproductive systems. Curcumin is a polyphenol compound obtained from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa. Curcumin has been known as a dietary spice, food additive, and traditional medicine since many years ago. In recent decades, the medicinal characteristics, clinical aspects, and biological activity of Curcumin have been extensively examined. The most examined positive characteristics of Curcumin are its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant qualities. This review will deal with the pharmacological properties of Curcumin as well as an update of currently available studies in terms of Curcumin’s uses and function against organophosphate pesticides-induced toxicity on different human organs.

No abstract

Background & objectives: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a deadly viral infection reported from more than 30 countries. It is considered a zoonosis↱ and tick bites are the main route of transmission in nature. So far, the virus has been identified in 31 species of hard (Ixodidae) and soft (Argasidae) ticks. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of CCHF virus infection in hard ticks from South-Khorasan province, east of Iran. Methods: In this study, 684 livestock including 302 sheep, 344 goats, 16 cows and 22 camels were sampled from Birjand, Qaen, Khusf, Darmian and Sarbisheh counties. Genus and species of the ticks were diagnosed under stereomicroscope according to valid morphological keys. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to detect the CCHF virus genome based on S segment in 100 ticks. Results: RT-PCR detected CCHF virus genome in 7 out of 100 ticks. Positive ticks belonged to Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus genera. CCHF virus infected species were Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma detritium and Hyalomma asiaticum. All the infected ticks were isolated from goat and sheep and were from Birjand county. Interpretation & conclusion: Our results suggest that Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus may be the main vectors of CCHF virus in the study area.

Background: Gouty arthritis is a complex form of inflammatory arthritis, triggered by the sedimentation of monosodium urate crystals in periarticular tissues, synovial joints, and other sites in the body. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol compound, isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, possessing countless physiological features, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic qualities. Objective: This study aimed to discuss the beneficial impacts of curcumin and its mechanism in treating gout disease. Methods: Ten English and Persian databases were used to conduct a thorough literature search. Studies examining the anti-gouty arthritis effects of curcumin and meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Results: According to the studies, curcumin has shown xanthine oxidase and urate transporter-1 inhibitory properties, uric acid inhibitory characteristics, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, some articles found no prominent reduction in uric acid levels. Conclusion: In this review, we emphasized the potency of curcumin and its compounds against gouty arthritis. Despite the potency, we suggest an additional well-designed evaluation of curcumin, before its therapeutic effectiveness is completely approved as an anti-gouty arthritis agent.