Tendons and ligaments are important structures in the musculoskeletal system. Ligaments connect various bones and provide stability in complex movements of joints in the knee. Tendon is made of dense connective tissue and transmits the force of contraction from muscle to bone. They are injured due to direct trauma in sports or roadside accidents. Tendon healing after repair is often poor due to the formation of fibro vascular scar tissues with low mechanical property. Regenerative techniques such as PRP (platelet-rich plasma), stem cells, scaffolds, gene therapy, cell sheets, and scaffolds help augment repair and regenerate tissue in this context. Therefore, it is of interest to document known data (repair process, tissue regeneration, mechanical strength, and clinical outcome) on applied regenerative medicine in tendon healing.

Swarnamakshika is grouped under Updhatu of Swarna and is composed of Copper, Iron and Sulphur. In this study Swarnamakshika was subjected to Shodhana by Bharjana with Nimbuka swarasa and Shudha Swarnamakshika was given Bhavana with Nimbuka swarasa and subjected to Varahaputa. With ten Varahaputa Bhasma Siddhi Lakshanas were attained swarnamakshika Marana was done by using Nimbuka swarasa until bhasma siddi lakshanas found and it took 10 puta till it attained reddish brown color. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that d-identified peaks after 10th puta Swarnamakshika bhasma composition is of Iron oxide with rhombohedral crystal system as main component. EDX analysis of Swarna makshika bhasma shows that it contains Iron and Oxygen, as major element and Copper, Sulphur, Carbon, Aluminium, Calcium etc. as minor elements. FESEM study revealed that the particle size of Ashudha and Shudha Swarnamakshika was in the range of 500 nm-3nm. Keywords: Swarnamakshika Bhasma, Nimbuka swarasa, puta

Abstract- Rasa Bhasma is a Herbo-Mineral preparation mentioned by Shri Anantadeva Soori in his textbook Rasa Chintamani in the context of Parada Marana. Owing to its Hepato-protective indication, it was prepared as per the conventional method and was subjected to various physico-chemical parameters, assessment of inorganic elements, SEM EDAX and ICP-OES for the determination of Mercury. Results revealed that Rasa Bhasma was tasteless, grey coloured smooth powder having alkaline nature insoluble in water and alcohol but sparingly soluble in Chloroform with values total ash- 88.10%, acid insoluble ash- 83.03%, loss on drying-0.675%. Amongst inorganic elements, sodium, chlorides and sulphates were found to be present in the Bhasma. SEM/EDAX spectra show the results of Mercury, Sulphur, Carbon, Oxygen, in various spectrums. The % of Mercury is maximum i.e., between 65-75% each. Sulphur varies from 25-30%. Carbon is rich in quantity varying from 25-30%. In all the Spectrums, Mercury is associated with Sulphur, forming a major peak and small Mercurial peaks are also seen along with small peaks of carbon. 98.3% mg/kg Mercury was found to be present in the Rasa Bhasma by ICP-OES analysis. Physico- chemical parameters of Rasa Bhasma were found to be within normal limits concluding that the prepared Rasa Bhasma was of standard quality.

Hingula, very well known as Cinnabar, is a chief ore of Mercury. It is available as natural ore and is also prepared artificially. While there are other ores of mercury, Hingula is considered to be the best ore, and Hingulottha Paarada is said to be equal to properties of Ashta Samskarita Paarada. An effort is made hereby to compile all the information related Hingula including its Historical aspect, origin, synonyms, classification according to different texts, artificial preparation of Hingula, Grahya Lakshana, complications caused due to Ashuddh Hingula sevan and its Chikitsa, Shodhan and Marana of Hingula, Extraction of parade from Hingula and its superiority over other types of Parada, Rasa Panchaka and Upyoga of Hingula. This paper also covers the Bio-medical counterpart of Hingula i.e. Cinnabar including its varieties, mineralogical characters and chemical properties.

Our lifestyles have been driven to another level with introduction of new gadgets and science and technological interferences in living in one way or the other. The major cause of poor health conditions are diseases, improper and unhealthy dietary habits, injury, incremented mental stress levels, lack of hygiene, unhealthy lifestyle, etc. The true meaning of being healthy is apposite balance of mental, physical and a spiritual state of a being. Shwasa Roga is classified into 5 categories in Ayurveda. Tamaka Shwasa is one of the categories of Shwasa Roga. In modern Asthma is known as reactive airway disease. This hyper responsiveness manifests itself as broncho constriction following exercise, on natural exposure to strong as irritant fumes such as sulphur dioxide, tobacco smoke, etc. The present study deals with clinical Study of Pippalyadya Lauh on Tamaka Shwasa. In this study total 60 patients of Tamaka Shvasa were registered. Patients were randomly divided under three groups. Results of study reveals that all preparations of Pippalyadi Loha has shown significant results on Tamaka Shwasa patients and Pippalyadi Loha No I and considered to be the best among three different preparations and safe for use.