Environmental pollution is one of the most important and critical problems facing the planet and threatening the ecosystem in all its forms. Due to the large quantities of plastic manufactured in different parts of the world and the difficulty of decomposing plastic products, which have a decomposition period of decades. As well as considering the marine environment as one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to pollution with plastic waste, and at the same time, people do not pay attention to this disaster, which directly affects the rest of the environmental systems and causes serious changes to the ecosystem. In this paper, we tried to review some of the direct effects of plastic waste on marine organisms such as coral reefs and sea turtles. As well as review the impact of these organisms’ damage on the ecosystem in general. This paper recommends some solutions that will reduce the huge quantities of plastic waste and how to treat it and try to legalize production to control the amount of plastic waste previously produced during the past decades.

Trigonella foenum-graecum is an important leguminous plant used in medicine and human health since ancient times, and the various civilizations of the world, as the Egyptian, Greek, and Indian civilizations, have been used in traditional medicine. Trigonella foenum-graecum contains a wide range of pharmacological effects because of the presence of several beneficial plant secondary metabolites. However, the resistant nature of this plant causes major challenges in in vitro multiplication, emphasizing the need to assess novel approaches for the propagation of this plant. As a result, this study reports on the effects of BAP, NAA, and 2,4-D on T. foenum graecum seed germination in vitro. The germination percentage recorded every week for 4 weeks, the parameter's last mean was calculated. The results showed that 2.0 mg/L BAP created the best effect in the parameter studied. The results revealed that 2.0 mg/l BAP provided the greatest response germination percentage (86 ±2.357%). These results highlight the optimum value of growth hormones producing T. foenum graecum plant with a minimum germination rate in a large scale.

Babies with any type of metabolic disorders lack the ability to break down the food well, which may induce too little amino acids, phenylalanine and blood sugar to the body, there are numerous kinds of this disorders, most of babies with a genetic metabolic disease have many mutation in gene that coded an enzyme which results a deficiency in same enzyme are hundreds of these disorders and they were diagnosed by their symptoms and the treatment method. The treatment methods of the metabolic disorder depend on the specific type of disorders, inborn metabolic disease are some-time  treated with dietary guidance, and other childcare choices, many hereditary metabolic disease are initially caused by gene mutations and that transferred from parents to offspring.

Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benn.) Benth, known as “katempe” or “katemfe”. It grows in humid tropical forests and the coastal areas of West Africa, especially in Nigeria, Ghana, Central African Republic, Uganda, and Cote d'Ivoire. T. daniellii contains chemical compounds that have several uses in many fields and contain thaumatin protein, which plays an essential role in the food industry, used as a natural sweetener, and pharmaceutical industry. T. daniellii can play a significant role in economic growth in many countries in which it grows. This study summarises some crucial aspects of T. daniellii. As the study highlight, some of the chemical components are contained in the plant. In addition to the other medicinal benefits and applications used from T. daniellii. the study presented the importance of the plant in the production of thaumatin and highlighted the two types of this protein and the difference between them in the arrangement of amino acids.