Random-amplified-polymorphic-DNA(RAPD) was assayed to detect the genetic variation of 6 barley generations from Iraq. Four primers generated a total of 17 scoreable bands in RAPD analysis) and resolving power, the three polymorphic primers differed (Rp). The use of RAPD marker systems to detect the genetic distance among barley generation was discovered to be beneficial. The RAPD dendrograms indicate a diverse grouping of 6 barely specimens, although we did see that certain groups were identical in several cases. As a result, the RAPD molecular markers reveal two genetic groups in the few specimens examined. Keywords. Barley, Genetic variation, RAPD-PCR.

No abstract

Six varaieties of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.(Sham 4, Adnaniya, Iba 95, Tamoz 2, Eratom, Abo-Graib) and their half diallel crosses were used to estimate heterosis, broad and narrow sense heritability for the following quantitative characters: heading time, number of tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf area, number of spikes per plant, spike length, number of spiklet per spike, number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight, grain yield per plant and the harvest index. Most hybrids appeared significant and desirable values for heterosis. The broad sense heritability was high for plant height, spike length and number of spiklet per spike while, it was modrate for harvest index, and low for heading time, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf area, number of spike per plant, number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant. The narrow sense heritability was high for plant height and harvest index, and moderate for heading time, spike length, number of spiklet per spike,100 grains weight while it was low for number of tillers per plant, flag leaf area, number of spike per plant, number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant.

Babies with any type of metabolic disorders lack the ability to break down the food well, which may induce too little amino acids, phenylalanine and blood sugar to the body, there are numerous kinds of this disorders, most of babies with a genetic metabolic disease have many mutation in gene that coded an enzyme which results a deficiency in same enzyme are hundreds of these disorders and they were diagnosed by their symptoms and the treatment method. The treatment methods of the metabolic disorder depend on the specific type of disorders, inborn metabolic disease are some-time  treated with dietary guidance, and other childcare choices, many hereditary metabolic disease are initially caused by gene mutations and that transferred from parents to offspring.

Environmental pollution Pollution is a growing undertaking for humans around the globe which affects in which affects both developed and growing towns (Suresh and Ravishankar, 2004). All herbal methods that make contributions to economic pollution are typically categorized as natural contaminants (Sosa Alderete et al., 2009). These are the human final products which include: navy explosives, agriculture, oil products, gasoline manufacturing and wood results (Pilon-Smits, 2005). Subsequently, the natural activities can additionally sell the discharge of heavy metals as nickel, molybdenum, lead, copper, zinc and mercury to the environment which are harmful to human health (Nedelkoska and Doran, 2000). The whole surroundings are constantly being contaminated from pollutants which is unsafe for human fitness (Suza et al., 2008 ; Rezek et al., 2012). The cost of cleansing up infected sites is high therefore using vegetation to extract, stabilize and degrade contaminants, all of them called as phytoremediation, is giving reputation as an extra costpowerful opportunity to different strategies of cleanup (Kuiper et al., 2004).