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Background: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 6-10% in the general population. PCOS is characterized by the following: ovulatory dysfunction resulting in oligo-amenorrhea and/or anovulation, hyperandrogenism and/or hirsutism and the presence of polycystic ovarian morphology by ultrasound. Vitamin D also plays a physiologic role in reproduction including ovarian follicular development and luteinization via altering anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), signaling, follicle-stimulating hormone sensitivity and progesterone production in human granulosa cells. Aim of the Work: this study aimed to compare levels of vitamin D in women with PCOS and healthy fertile women. Patient and Methods: this case control study was conducted in Ain Shams Maternity hospital in outpatient infertility clinics and family planning clinic during the period from March 2017 to October 2017. It was included 40 women diagnosed with PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria and 40 fertile women without PCOS who were recruited from family planning clinic. Results: 25(OH) vitamin-D level was significantly lower in PCOS group than in the control group. Conclusion: 25(OH) vitamin-D was significantly lower in PCOS group than in the control group, but not sufficient to be a diagnostic tool for PCOS. Recommendation: larger studies are still needed to clarify the rule of vitamin D in infertility.

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Background: Endometrial carcinoma ranks as the second most common gynecological malignancy in developing countries. Biomarkers are needed to aid in the screening of the disease and predicting the clinical and therapeutic outcome. Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is a protein first isolated from human epididymis cells. HE4 levels are elevated in various types of cancers such as ovarian and gastric cancer. Objectives: We aim to assess the association of serum and tissue HE4, and endometrial adenocarcinoma in 77 Egyptian patients that are divided into two groups; 37 patient in the endometrial cancer group and 40 patients as control group. Results: We found HE4 levels to be significantly increased in both serum and tissue of the endometrial cancer group compared to the negative control group. Moreover, higher expression levels was significantly associated with high grade tumors. HE4 showed excellent diagnostic and prognostic value with a sensitivity and specificity of over 90 percent. Conclusion: We conclude that either serum or tissue expression of HE4 is sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in endometrial adenocarcinoma. In addition, it could predict extra-uterine involvement and staging of the disease.

Aim of the work:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal anemia on fetal Doppler indices ; namely, umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery in the last trimester of pregnancy. Patients and Methods: This study was designed as a prospective case control clinical trial carried out in obstetric outpatient clinics and inpatient ward, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital on 200 patients. The patients must follow these criteria:Gestational age between 28-40 weeks of singleton pregnancy (calculated by their last menstrual period or by earlier ultrasound), fetus is alive and normal fetal ultrasound parameters. Results: The umbilical artery resistance index showed a significant increase in moderate severe anemic patients more than the control group. Umbilical artery pulsatility index showed a significant increase in severe anemic group more than the other 3 groups.Umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio showed a significant increase in severe anemic more than the other groups. Finally, the umbilical artery cerebral/umbilical artery resistance ratio showed a significant increase in severe anemic more than the other groups. Conclusion: GA at delivery in different groups was matched, i.e. there was no statistical significant difference between different studied groups regarding GA at delivery (P > 0.05). Neonatal ICU admission were 2(4%), 2(4%), 4(8%) and 9(18%) in different groups, respectively. There was statistical significant difference between different studied groups regarding Neonatal ICU admission (P < 0.05).