The emotional potential of sound is an excellent resource for companies and institutions seeking to test new ways of communicating with their stakeholders through the senses. However, there are still few organizations that include sound as a conveyer of their corporate identity. Audio branding aims to expand the contact points with audiences by incorporating sound elements that facilitate the recognition of the brand's values. This research attempts to understand the use that corporations make of sound as a communication tool and to evaluate its presence, but above all it wants to find out if this use is due to a strategic approach or if it is a specific decision marked by the temporality of advertising campaigns. For this reason, in this paper we have taken the radio as an advertising media. On the one hand, because it is the sound media par excellence. On the other hand, because it is where we can find the most well-known modes of audio branding such as the brand song, the jingle or the sonotype. The sample, composed of 239 inserts from the 3 generalist radio channels with the highest audiences in Spain, reveals that only 21% of items contain an element of audio branding, indicating that this is a field yet to be explored by organizations.

This article takes a quantitative approach to Spanish radio advertising and the stereotypes and female roles that it broadcasts in a medium that has traditionally had high female audience rates in our country. From content analysis of 679 radio ads extracted from the 3 main general Spanish radio stations and collected 10 years apart, the study attempts to show the evolution (or regression) of how radio advertising portrays women. The radio in Spain has always been a medium anchored in the real world that has also provided some degree of space to broadcast social movement. #MeToo, as a phenomenon promoting female empowerment, was no exception. Therefore, this longitudinal study aims to demonstrate whether the social movements that led to increased female activism have been reflected in a change of roles and stereotypes projected by radio advertising messages. The work presented here looks at the concept of role from a dual perspective: firstly, it focuses on the role played by female voices in radio advertising items. Secondly, it works on the concept of role by assimilating it into the female image projected in radio advertising items. The results obtained between the two samples are remarkably similar, demonstrating a clear tendency to polarise the female image and confirming that women are still being portrayed in significantly traditional roles.

Abstracts[ES] Introducción: Estamos ante un momento de cambio en el contexto empresarial, lo cual repercute en el comportamiento de las organizaciones con la sociedad, que a través de una adecuada gestión de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) da respuesta a los intereses de sus stakeholders. Metodología: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, mediante el estudio de caso Unilever España, cómo se articulan las diferentes fases del proceso de gestión de la RSC. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que el desarrollo de las diferentes fases tiene consecuencias en la propia naturaleza de la gestión de la RSC, siendo las principales: la transversalidad, la transparencia y el dinamismo. Esta investigación también supone una aportación interesante en la gestión de los valores de consumo (asociados a una marca producto) y su relación con los intangibles de la compañía. the management of consumer values (linked to a product brand) and its relation to the company's intangibles.

ResumenCon esta reflexión queremos poner en evidencia la dificultad que entraña formular hipótesis en los trabajos realizados con metodología cualitativa. Hemos detectado en algunos trabajos presentados por doctorandos que optan por utilizar la metodología cualitativa, que, en muchas ocasiones, estos estudios carecen de rigor científico. Esto nos ha llevado a reflexionar sobre sus causas y realizar una propuesta de consideraciones claves que permita a los investigadores más primerizos dotar a sus investigaciones de mayor rigor científico. Palabras clave: investigación, cualitativa, metodología, científico. Essay about scientific rigor in qualitative researchAbstract With this essay we want to highlight the difficulty of formulating hypotheses in researches with qualitative methodology. We have detected in some of the researches presented by doctoral students who choose to apply the qualitative methodology that, in many occasions, these studies present a lack of scientific rigor. This fact has led us to reflect on their causes and make a proposal of key considerations that will allow beginner researchers to provide their investigations with more scientific rigor. Keywords: research, qualitative, methodology, scientific. Referencia normalizada IntroducciónAquellos investigadores que trabajamos con metodología cualitativa, somos conscientes de la dificultad que entraña partir de hipótesis, más cuando nuestra pretensión no es demostrar teorías existentes, sino todo lo contrario, generar teoría a partir de los resultados obtenidos. Sin embargo, consideramos que es posible plantear una investigación cualitativa basada en hipótesis, siempre y cuando se utilice la metodología adecuada para su verificación. Ésta es la problemática que tratamos de explicar y para ello hemos intentado aunar las propuestas que algunos investigadores expertos en la materia ponen a nuestra disposición para facilitarnos esta tarea.Como hemos explicado anteriormente, consideramos que este artículo puede servir de orientación a los jóvenes investigadores que buscan que sus proyectos de investigación, basados en metodología cualitativa, tengan la máxima rigurosidad en sus planteamientos y resultados.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the central theme of many debates on the role of organizations in society in recent years. The voluntary incorporation of strategies that influence economic profitability and in turn social and environmental issues is already a reality in companies. This article has several aims: (1) to analyse whether CSR is strategic and cross-cutting for companies and whether there exists a true dialogue between companies and stakeholders; (2) to identify the functions, relationships and quality of CSR or sustainability directors; (3) to determine the main challenges for the future; (4) to reflect on the impact that Covid-19 has had on the development of CSR in businesses. The study was based on the Delphi method and employed a sample of 20 experts: 10 academics (lecturers and researchers) and 10 professionals (communication and CSR directors, and CSR and reputation consultants). The results reveal that: (1) with the exception of SMEs, CSR management in companies is strategic and cross-cutting; (2) there is no reciprocal dialogue between companies and stakeholders; (3) the functions carried out by CSR directors can be classified as analytical, strategic, tactical and communicative; (4) the most outstanding qualities of the CSR director are communication skills, deep knowledge of the company and a willingness to work as part of a team; (5) the main challenge for senior management for the future is to be more strategic; (6) Covid-19 has changed the focus in CSR areas of action and in the prioritization of stakeholders. In short, we conclude that CSR management is well rooted in companies and represents a true transformation for businesses as social entities.