The study of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the pig and pork production chain is important to reduce the risk of spreading this pathogen into the human population. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pigs and pork products from Córdoba. Mesenteric lymph nodes samples from 580 finishing pigs from different pig farms , and 420 samples (83 batches) of fresh pork products (the so-called "chorizo fresco de cerdo") from different retailers were analyzed. ISO 6579:2002 standard protocol was used for Salmonella isolation. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in finishing pigs in Córdoba was 41.5% (95%CI 37.6%-45.6%). According to pig´s origin the province was split in North, Central and South region. The prevalence observed in each region was 49.5%, 43.0% and 36.0% respectively. The significantly higher prevalence observed in the North may be associated with the precarious conditions of the pig production sector in that area, compared to the better pig producing practices in the southern region. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fresh pork products was 17.4% (95%CI 15.8%-23.4%). Based on the Argentine Food Codex criteria, 34/83 (40.9%) of the analyzed batches should be rejected given the presence Salmonella spp. positive. In addition, total coliforms were also analyzed on these pork samples following national legislation and 42 (63.0%) of the batches should have been rejected according to coliform total count. Overall, only 13% of the batches fulfilled both criteria for acceptance. In conclusion, the high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pig farms and of Salmonella spp. and coliforms in these type of pork products suggested important safety breakdowns along the pig production and pork elaboration processes. An important effort should be done to reach suitable hygienic and sanitary standards for pig and pork production in the province of Córdoba.
RESUMENLa elaboración de embutidos crudo-curados tiene lugar en cuatro etapas básicas: picado, amasadoreposo, estufado y secado. La formación del color en estos productos responde a mecanismos físicos, químicos y bioquímicos relacionados con las características de la carne cruda, los aditivos y especias utilizadas y la tecnología aplicada. El picado resulta importante en la formación del color debido a que provoca la desorganización estructural del tejido, favorece la incorporación de aire a la masa exponién-dola al oxígeno del aire, determina la salida de componentes sarcoplasmáticos y de líquido tisular hacia la superficie de la pasta y facilita el contacto íntimo de los aditivos y especias con el pigmento natural (Mb) de la carne. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la influencia del picado en el desarrollo del color en sistemas modelo de pastas cárnicas elaboradas con magro de cerdo y adicionadas de diferentes mezclas de aditivos y pimentón. Se utilizó para ello la espectrofotometría de reflectancia y el espacio de color CIELAB. El picado fino produjo valores superiores de L*, a*, b* y C* respecto de los picados con placa (10 y 20 mm), y menores valores del índice a*/b*. La disminución del pH de las pastas debido al ácido láctico provocó la desnaturalización y la variación de las diferentes formas de Mb presente en las pastas. Dicho efecto fue superior en pastas finas adicionadas con 1,0 % de ácido láctico. Esto originó una disminución de los componentes rojos (a*) y un aumento de los amarillos (b*) a expensas de los primeros. Por otra parte, la disminución de a*/b* mostró que el ácido láctico favoreció la formación de MetMb.
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