Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институтфилиал ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 2 ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииПроведено исследование, посвященное изучению ноотропного компонента актопротекторной активности соединений природного происхождения после перенесенных физических нагрузок. Эксперимент был выполнен на половозрелых красах-самцах линии Wistar, массой 200-230 г. В ходе эксперимента было установлено, что курсовое введение препарата сравнения метапрот способствовало коррекции возникшего когнитивного дисбаланса, что отражается в сокращении времени достижения площадки на 61,6 % (p < 0,05) в тесте «Водный лабиринт Морриса» (ВЛМ) относительно группы негативного контроля (НК), а также превышало время достижения площадки у группы, получавшей ATACL на 28,7 % (p < 0,05). Из всех исследуемых соединений природного происхождения наиболее выраженными ноотропными свойствами обладает субстанция ATACL. Время достижения площадки было выше относительно группы НК на 46,1 % (p < 0,05), (число ненашедших площадку крыс составляло при этом 10 %) в тесте «ВЛМ». В тесте «Условный рефлекс пассивного избегания» (УРПИ) на фоне введения субстанции ATACL, а также препарата сравнения метапрот после физической нагрузки наблюдалось снижение латентного периода, относительно показателя группы НК на 67,6 % (ATACL) (p < 0,05) и на 67,9 % (метапрот) (p < 0,05). Курсовое введение крысам субстанции ATACL и метапрот способствовало улучшению поведенческих реакций животных в тесте «ТЭИ».

The aim of the study is to assess the effect of various aversive environments on the oxygen consumption in muscles and blood in mice Under conditions of the “forced swimming” test.Materials and methods. The study was performed on outbred male mice. Exhausting physical activity was modeled in the “forced swimming” test in various aversive environments. The oxygen consumption by the muscle tissue, as well as the oxygen capacity of the blood, were estimated using the respirometry method (AKPM1-01L (“Alfa Bassens”, Russia)).Results. In the course of the study it was found out that in the group of the animals swimming in hot water (at the temperature of 41°C) as an aversive environment, there was no significant change in the oxygen consumption by mitochondria of striated muscle and by red blood cells in comparison with the intact group of the animals. At the same time, in the group of the mice, where cold water (at the temperature of 15°C) as an aversive environment was used, a statistically significant (by the end of the experiment) decrease in the swimming time was observed in relation to the intact group of the animals. It was accompanied by a decrease in the oxygen consumption by muscle mitochondria, with a constant level of the blood oxygenation. Under conditions of exhausting physical exertion, in the group of the animals that received Metaprot®, an increase in working capacity was noted in both hot and cold water. After peak days of working capacity, a slight decrease in physical activity was observed in both experimental groups. At the same time, it should be noted that oxygenation of blood and muscle tissue against the background of exhausting physical exertion in the group that received Metaprot®, did not differ from the group of intact animals in various aversive environments.Conclusion. Thus, based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that under conditions of “forced swimming” with loading, the most profound changes in the structure and functions of the striated muscles are observed in animals in cold (15°С) water That is reflected in a decrease in the physical strain and in reducing the oxygen consumption by muscle tissue. The use of the drug Metaprot® promoted correcting the changes in the physical performance of the animals, which was reflected in its increase by 144.8% (p <0.05), compared with the initial swimming time of this group, without the oxygen consumption by erythrocytes and mitochondria of striated muscles.

A study was conducted to assess the effect of a new pyrimidine derivative PIR-20 (50 mg/kg) on the development of cognitive deficits in the conditions of global cerebral ischemia in rats. The study was performed on 40 male Wistar rats weighing 200–220 g, divided into 4 groups of 10 individuals. False-operated rats and negative control animals were injected with a suspension of purified water and tween-80, the third group of animals received Cavinton (3,2 mg/kg), the fourth — PIR-20 (50 mg/kg). All test subjects were injected intraperitoneally for ten days prior to surgery. The number of dives increased to 100%, while the decision-making time decreased by 55,2% (p<0,05) in the extrapolation escape test against the background of the PIR-20 compound administration. 75% of the animals treated with PIR-20 did not re-visit the dark compartment, and the time of entering the dark chamber increased by 172,9% (p<0,05) as compared to the group of negative control rats in the test of passive avoidance of the avesir environment. It was confirmed that the studied compound PIR-20 contributes to the improvement of cognitive and mnestic functions, which is confirmed by the results of tests of passive and active aversive environment avoidance. The obtained effect exceeded the results of the control group and the reference drug Cavinton.

Acute disorders of cerebral hemodynamics lead to the development of socially and demographically significant diseases, as a result of which they are one of the main health problems requiring a rational pharmacological approach. In the pathogenesis of pathologies of cerebral circulation, in addition to a decrease in blood flow, an important role is played by a violation of the bioelectric activity of brain tissues, which is evidenced by changes in the frequency and amplitude of oscillations on the encephalogram. Pyrimidine derivatives have proven themselves as potential cerebroprotectors, as a result of which we considered them as means capable of correcting electroencephalogram disorders in ischemic brain tissues. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of pyrimidine and cavinton derivatives on the change in bioelectric potential under conditions of focal central ischemia in rats. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 40 male rats of the Wistar line (m = 220–220 g). Focal cerebral ischemia of rats was reproduced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. The animals were divided into 4 equal groups, all groups, except the first, were simulated pathology under chloral hydrate anesthesia (350 mg/kg). The first group – falsely operated rats, the second – individuals of negative control. The reference drug cavinton (3.2 mg/kg) and the pi-rimidine derivative PIR-10 (50 mg/kg) were administered to the third and fourth groups within 3 days after surgery. The electrical activity of the rat brain (delta-, theta-, alpha-, high-frequency beta-range in the frontal and parietal lobes of the left hemisphere) was evaluated after 3 days by electroencephalography (EEG) using the Neuron-Spectrum 1 encephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia). Statistical processing was carried out using the STATISTICA 8.0 application software package (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Results of the study. In the rats of the negative control group, there was a marked deterioration in bioelectric potential, which was noted in an increase in theta and delta rhythms and a decrease in alpha and high-frequency beta rhythms. The introduction of the compound PIR-10 to animals contributed to a decrease in delta rhythm by 39,8% (p < 0,05) (FP1-A1) and 56,3% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1), theta rhythm – by 23,9% (p < 0,05) (FP1-A1) and 39,4% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1), the amplitude of the alpha rhythm increased by 75,3% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1), the high-frequency beta rhythm by 25,9% (p<0,05) (FP1-A1) and 41,4% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1). Findings. The experimental derivative of pyrimidine PIR-10, equally with cavinton, contributed to the restoration of bioelectric rhythm in the form of a decrease in the amplitude of delta and theta rhythms and an increase in the amplitude of alpha and high-frequency beta rhythms in the frontal and parietal regions of the left hemisphere of the rat brain.

Introduction: Neuroprotection is a promising area of adjuvant therapy of ischemic brain lesions. At the same time, among potentially effective neuroprotectors, herbal remedies are distinguished due to their high efficiency and safety of use. In this work, some aspects of the neuroprotective effect of 40% ethanol extract of black walnut bark were investigated in comparison with its major component juglone. Materials and methods: The work was performed on male Wistar rats, which were simulated with cerebral ischemia by irreversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The acute toxicity of the extract was preliminarily evaluated. During the work, the following parameters were determined: changes in the behavior of animals in the Morris water maze, cerebral blood flow, brain necrosis zone area, the activity of mitochondrial complexes, citrate synthase activity, lactic, pyruvic, and ATP concentrations. The activity of the studied extract was compared with juglone in a concentration of 1 mg/kg (per os). Discussion: The study showed that the use of black walnut bark extract in conditions of cerebral ischemia contributed to an increase in the activity of mitochondrial complexes I-V, citrate synthase, which in turn led to the normalization of aerobic-anaerobic metabolism reactions. The increase in the activity of respiratory complexes is probably mediated by the antioxidant properties of juglone, which is a major component of the test extract of black walnut bark. Conclusion: Thus, the test extract can be a potentially effective neuroprotective agent and requires further study.