In a randomized prospective study, two implant systems were compared in forty consecutive patients treated for mandibular edentulism. The patients were randomly allotted for treatment by the Brånemark two-stage (submerged) system (BRS), or the ITI(R) one-stage (non-submerged) system. In all, 102 Brånemark selftapping implants and 106 ITI hollow screw implants were installed and all patients were treated with full bridges. Biological and prosthodontic parameters, complications, success rates, clinical efficacy, patient satisfaction and resource requirements were evaluated. No differences were found in plaque accumulation, bleeding or complications during the follow-up period. The BRS group showed deeper periimplant sulcus, less attached mucosa, larger bridge-mucosa distance and higher Periotest values. Prosthetic complications were not related to the configuration of the implant systems. After 3 years, the cumulative success rates were 97.9% and 96.8% for the Brånemark and ITI systems, respectively (difference not statistically significant). One implant in the BRS group had failed to osseointegrate at the time of abutment connection, and another was lost after 2 years due to progressive breakdown of bone. In the ITI group, three implants showed progressive bone loss after 1-3 years associated with periimplant infection. All 40 bridges were intact and remained stable throughout the study. There was general patient satisfaction, but about half the Brånemark patients reported difficulty in coping with the surgical procedures. Treatment time was similar for the two systems. It is concluded that both systems meet the current requirements for dental implant systems in the treatment of mandibular edentulism.

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Four hundred and six individuals from an unselected sample from the County of Stockholm aged 18-65 years in 1970 were examined radiographically in 1970 and 1980. The differences in proximal alveolar bone height were recorded, attention being paid to the divergences in projection between the two investigations. The mean of the alveolar bone difference was 5.5% of the mean root length, which corresponds to an average annual bone loss of 0.09 mm. Ninety per cent of the individuals had a difference in alveolar bone height of less than 10% of the root length--that is, an average bone loss of 1.6 mm or less during 10 years. By linear regression analysis it was shown that the difference in alveolar bone height is a function of the initial bone loss; that is, the greater the initial bone loss, the greater the alveolar bone loss during the 10-year period. The result of the regression analysis may facilitate predictions of alveolar bone loss.

The purpose of the present study was to compare bone height determinations of implant sites by different radiographic techniques. Available bone height was measured in regions posterior to the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs, and on tomographs where the faciolingual dimension was at least 5mm. The bone heights were recorded at 401 edentulous and dentate sites in 100 patients. The overall mean bone height (m +/- SD) was 11.25 +/- 3.29 mm on panoramic radiographs and 8.81 +/- 3.38 mm on tomographs. The correlation between the two radiographic techniques ranged from 0.36 to 0.91 if the material was stratified according to factors such as height of available bone, age, gender and the presence of teeth. Gender was significantly correlated to panoramic and tomographic measurements in all regions. However, the precision of predicted tomographic measurements by using a linear regression model was not significantly increased by including gender as an explanatory variable. For evaluation of available bone height in mandibular regions posterior to the mental foramen, tomography is recommended for all prospective implant sites.

Summary. Data on the current dental health of 5‐ and 12‐year‐old children from eight European countries has been collected by calibrated examiners. In each country a random sample of 200 children in each age group was drawn from urban primary and secondary state schools, a total of 3200 subjects. The children were examined under standardized conditions by one or two examiners in each country, all of whom had been trained and calibrated to the Swedish reference examiner and had achieved good inter‐ and intra‐ examiner consistency. Mean dmft/DMFT were 1.38/1.93 in Gent (Belgium), 2.99/2.58 in Berlin (Germany), 1.62/2.35 in Athens (Greece), 2.09/1.85 in Cork (Ireland), 2.81/2.24 in Sassari (Italy), 3.06/1.82 in Dundee (Scotland), 0.85/1.75 in Valencia (Spain) and 0.80/1.94 in Stockholm (Sweden). The major components in the dmft/DMFT indices varied. Among the 5‐year‐old children the m component predominated in the Scottish sample, the d and f components in Berlin and the d component in Sassari. Among the 12‐year‐olds, a high F component influenced the index in Berlin and Stockholm, whereas in Athens and Sassari the D component was relatively high. The frequency of fissure sealants was most frequent in the Scottish, Irish and Belgian samples of 12‐year‐olds. Resumé. Santé dentaire des enfants en Europe: expérience carieuse d'enfants åCgés de 5 åG 12 ans de huit pays de la Communauté Européenne Les données concernant la santé dentaire d'enfants åCgés de 5 åG 23 ans de huit pays européens ont été recueillies par des examinateurs compétents. Dans chaque pays, in échantillon de deux cents enfants dans chaque groupe d'åCge a été choisi ai hasard dans des écoles primaires et secondaires urbaines, soit au total 3200 sujets. Les enfants ont été examinés dans des conditions standardisées par un ou deux examinateurs dans chaque pays, chacun ayant été formé et calibré aux méthodes suédoises de référence des examinateurs et ayant réussi aux tests de cohérence intra et inter des examinateurs. L'indice coad/CAOD moyen était de 1.38/1.93 åG Gand (Belgique), 2.99/2.58 åG Berlin (Allemagne), 1.62/2.35 åG Athénes (Gréce), 2.09/1.85 åG Cork (Irlande), 2.81/2.24 åG Sassari (Italie), 3.06/1.82 åG Dundee (Ecosse), 0.85/1.75 åG Valence (Espagne), 0.80/1.94 åG Stockholm (Suéde). Les composant: principaux des indices caod/CAOD variaient. Parmi les enfants åCgés de 5 ans, le composant a prédominait dans l'échantillon écossais, le composant c et o åG Berlin et le composant c åG Sassari. Parmi les enfants åCgés de 12 ans, un composant o élevé influençait l'index åG Berlin et Stockholm, alor qu'åG Athénes et Sassari le composant c était relativement élevé. La fréquence des scellements de fissures était plus élevée chez les enfants écossais, irlandais et beiges, åCgés de 12 ans. Zusammenfassung. Die Dentala Gesundheit in Europa: Karieserfahrung von 5 und 12 JåUhrigen Kinder in 8 EU LåUnder Daten über die aktuelle dentale Gesundheit von 5 und 12 jåUhrigen Kinder aus 8 EU LåUnder wurden durch ausgewåUhlte Examinatoren gesammelt. Zu jeden Land wurde...