Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are among the most concerning consequences of retreating glaciers in mountain ranges worldwide. GLOFs have attracted significant attention amongst scientists and practitioners in the past 2 decades, with particular interest in the physical drivers and mechanisms of GLOF hazard and in socioeconomic and other human-related developments that affect vulnerabilities to GLOF events. This increased research focus on GLOFs is reflected in the gradually increasing number of papers published annually. This study offers an overview of recent GLOF research by analysing 594 peer-reviewed GLOF studies published between 2017 and 2021 (Web of Science and Scopus databases), reviewing the content and geographical focus as well as other characteristics of GLOF studies. This review is complemented with perspectives from the first GLOF conference (7–9 July 2021, online) where a global GLOF research community of major mountain regions gathered to discuss the current state of the art of integrated GLOF research. Therefore, representatives from 17 countries identified and elaborated trends and challenges and proposed possible ways forward to navigate future GLOF research, in four thematic areas: (i) understanding GLOFs – timing and processes; (ii) modelling GLOFs and GLOF process chains; (iii) GLOF risk management, prevention and warning; and (iv) human dimensions of GLOFs and GLOF attribution to climate change.

Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are among the most concerning consequences of retreating glaciers in mountain ranges worldwide. GLOFs have attracted significant attention amongst scientists and practitioners in the past few decades, with particular interests in the physical drivers and mechanisms of GLOF hazard, and socioeconomic and other human-related developments that affect vulnerability to GLOF events. This increased research focus on GLOFs is reflected in the gradually increasing number of papers published annually. This study offers an overview of recent GLOF research by analysing 570 peer-reviewed GLOF studies published between 2017 and 2021 (Web of Science and Scopus databases), reviewing the content, geographical focus as well as other characteristics of GLOF studies. This review is complemented with perspectives from the first GLOF conference (7–9 July 2021, online) where a global GLOF research community from major mountain regions gathered to discuss the current state of the art of integrated GLOF research. Therefore, representatives from 17 countries identified and elaborated trends and challenges and proposed possible ways forward to navigate future GLOF research, in four thematic areas: (i) understanding GLOFs – timing and processes; (ii) modelling GLOFs and GLOF process chains; (iii) GLOF risk management, prevention and warning; (iv) human dimensions of GLOFs and GLOF attribution to climate change.

ResumoNanopartículas de magnetita têm sido objeto de inúmeras pesquisas científicas em diversas áreas, como por exemplo na biomedicina, devido à magnetização espontânea, estabilidade química e não toxicidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as propriedades microestruturais e magnéticas de nanopartículas de magnetita (Fe3O4) sintetizadas por reação de combustão induzida em forno de micro-ondas sob atmosfera de nitrogênio. A influência do fluxo de N2 durante a síntese na estrutura, morfologia e característica magnética do produto sintetizado foi investigada. As amostras foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e medidas magnéticas. Os resultados mostram que foi possível obter a fase magnetita com traços de hematita (Fe2O3). O fluxo de N2 e o tempo de exposição interferiram na estrutura e na característica magnética do produto sintetizado. Todas as amostras apresentaram pequenos aglomerados de formas irregulares e tamanhos que variam em aproximadamente 20 μm e magnetização de saturação entre 31 e 70 emu/g, mostrando ser materiais promissores para aplicações na biomedicina.

This article aims to analyze the contamination of water and bottom sediment at Arroio Moinho (Mill Stream), in Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). From two sample collections, a series of diagnostic measurements were carried out, such as: a) physical-chemical and biological analysis of the water; b) water quality index (WQI); c) metal contamination, granulometric and mineralogical analyses of the bottom sediment; d) total organic carbon (TOC); e) categorization into water quality classes; f) contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) geoindicators; g) analysis of per capita income and population density. The analytical results of the water at the two sample locations exceeded the limits established by Class 4 (restricted use). The WQI revealed the worst level (very bad in 2012 and bad in 2018) at all sampling points. The bottom sediment analysis showed that the spring has a low fine-grained fraction content (3%) and TOC levels between 8 and 17%. However, the sediments revealed high levels of metals such as Zn and Cu and low to moderate Pb levels. These results allowed the stream to be classified as Class 3 in terms of soil quality, requiring identification of the source of the pollution and ongoing inspection to monitor contamination.

Este artigo discute o histórico de desastres naturais na Cordilheira Branca, Peru, durante o período 1970–2011. O estudo analisou dados gerais sobre desastres nesse intervalo de tempo e de maneira mais ampla os desastres glaciais entre 1725 e 2010 d.C. Historicamente, a região foi afetada por uma série de desastres glaciais que deixaram mais de 26 mil pessoas mortas. Assim, este artigo examina o impacto desses desastres glaciais, considerando que desencadeiam processos de desterritorialização e reterritorialização na região. As seguintes estratégias metodológicas foram adotadas: trabalho de campo; entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com sobreviventes dos desastres glaciais e com gestores ambientais; revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Sugere-se que as mudanças climáticas aumentam o risco de desastres glaciais. A partir desses relatos foi possível constatar que a desterritorialização implica na afetação do cotidiano dos habitantes, na quebra de relações e de vínculos com o lugar. Além disso, os desastres glaciais causam um processo abrupto de desterritorialização, consequentemente, uma reterritorialização que se desenvolverá mais lentamente, abrindo intenso campo de disputas entre os diferentes atores envolvidos, despertando conflitos sociais.