Background: Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) is an Indonesian plant that grows wild and is used as traditional medicine. Beluntas leaves are reported to contain phenolic, and flavonoid is a part of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds other than flavonoids include 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid. Flavonoid compounds in beluntas leaves are quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and chrysoeriol. Methanol solvents are reported to be able to extract higher polyphenol and flavonoid contents than other solvents. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of 20%, 50% and 75% solvent concentration of methanol on total phenol and total flavonoid levels of beluntas leaf extract. Methods: In this study, the extraction process was carried out by maceration, the determination of total phenol content was carried out by the Follin-Ciocalteu method. Determination of total flavonoid levels was carried out by the Colorimetric method. Data on phenol and flavonoid levels were analyzed statistically. Results: The yield of beluntas leaf extract in this study was respectively from the lowest methanol concentration of 24.094% w/w, 31.126% w/w, 24.838% w/w. The value of total phenol levels increased with increasing methanol concentration, namely 124.84 mg GAE/g, 138.3 mg GAE/g, and 147.91 mg GAE/g. The highest total flavonoid value in 75% methanol extract is 69.72 mg QE/g, followed by 20% methanol extract at 46.29 mg QE/g and the lowest is found in 50% methanol extract at 32.80 mg QE/g. The results of statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the value of total phenol levels and total flavonoids of the three extracts. Conclusion: The difference in the concentration of methanol solvents affects the value of total phenol levels and total flavonoids with the highest value produced by a 75% methanol solvent. Keywords: Beluntas Leaves (Pluchea indica L.), Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Gallic Acid, Quercetin.

Background: One of the native plants from Indonesia that have been widely used for traditional medication as an antibacterial comes from the Zingiberaceae family. Based on Usada Bali, the Zingiberaceae family used to treat digestive, respiratory, and skin diseases. Objective: This literature review aimed to discuss antibacterial activity from the Zingiberaceae family and see its validity as a traditional use as antibacterial based on Balinese local wisdom medication method (Usada) with its scientific evidence. Methods: The method of this literature review is the study of literature from several scientific publications in national and international journals about the antibacterial activity of the Zingiberaceae family. Results: Several studies showed that the Zingiberaceae family has an antibacterial activity with various inhibitions depended on the type of bacteria. Conclusion: The Zingiberaceae family mentioned in Usada Bali has been scientifically proved to have antibacterial activity, so it shows the validity as a traditional use as antibacterial based on Usada with its scientific evidence. Keywords: Zingiberaceae, antibacterial, Usada

Clinical teaching in veterinary medicine is challenging for both educators and students. There is an increasing interest in the use of technology-based techniques using adaptive learning to provide students with additional learning experiences. Few studies have evaluated the use of this technique in veterinary medical education. We hypothesized that students with access to adaptive learning modules during dermatology rotation would have significantly higher dermatology test scores compared to students who did not have access to the adaptive learning modules on the same rotation. Incoming third and fourth-year veterinary students to the dermatology rotation, who agreed to participate, were randomly assigned to treatment (provided access to 10 modules using adaptive technology during the rotation) or control group (provided no access to the modules). Study participants completed a pretest two weeks before the rotation start date and a post-test near the rotation end date and a questionnaire to assess students’ learning experience using adaptive learning modules. Students in the treatment group scored significantly higher on the posttest ( p = .019) compared to students in the control group, with an effect size of d = 0.83. Students in both groups scored significantly higher at post-test ( p < .001; d = 1.52 treatment and p = .002; d = 0.74 control) when compared to their pretest. This study shows that the tested adaptive learning platform may be an effective method to augment clinical teaching in veterinary dermatology. This study also indicates that veterinary students perceive the use of adaptive learning technology as beneficial for their education.

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The specific target in this activity was to introduce fermentation and silage methodology to improve the quality of animal feed to Mekar Baru stock farmers cooperatives in Labuhan Batu Regency. Seminars and discussions were conducted as parts of the community service which then followed up by direct practice about animal feed fermentation and silage. The results of the mentioned activities included seminars, discussion, and fodder. In conclusion, the technology of animal feed processing is in a high favorand needed by people in the village, especially beef cattle farmers whose livestock was only given green animal feed all this time.