The fuel consumption rate rises and is expected to increase continuously, causing fuel supplies to be depleted and this condition forces the community to find alternative sources of fuel such as bio-briquettes. The waste of canary shells is widespread in Indonesia and can be used as an alternative energy source of bio-briquette making. There is a need for study on the influence of raw materials bio-briquette mixture of coal and canary shells against the value of calories produced. Bio-briquette making in this study have been done using canary shell and coal with a composition: (250 gr coal/canary shell: 12.5 tapioca starch: 50 ml water). Before briquette making, the canary shell samples are pirolysed and a grain-size reduction is performed on both of coal and canary shells. Canary shell and coal bio-briquettes are made with four variations (types). The types of bio briquette are: type I of bio-briquette with a composition of 250 gr (coal) + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). Type II of bio-briquette with a composition of 250 gr (canary shell) + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). Type III of bio-briquette with a composition of 62.5 gr canary shell + 62.5 gr coal + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). Bio-briquette type IV consist of 93.75 gr (canary shell) + 31.25 (coal) + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). After preparation, all bio briquettes are analyzed to determine the caloric value. The results of the study shows bio-briquette type I has a caloric value of 5,539 kcal/g, bio-briquette type II produces the highest calorie value of 6,354 kcal/g, and bio-briquette type III is 6,020 kcal/g. Further more bio-briquette Type IV indicate caloric value of 6,096 kcal/g. Bio-briquette type IV is the most recommended in the utilization because of the goal of this study is to use canary shell as an alternative fuel.

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Ketersediaan bahan bakar minyak bumi terbatas dan sifatnya tidak terbarukan, sehingga diprediksikan akan ada kelangkaan bahan bakar minyak.Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengembangan bahan bakar alternative dari minyak jarak dengan memanfaatkan gelombang suara pada reaksi transesterifikasi, mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan katalis, mengetahui karakteristik perolehan biodiesel dari minyak jarak menggunakan ultrasonic. Penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan mol minyak jarak terhadap methanol (1:9), konsentrasi katalis NaOH 0.75%waktu reaksi (5, 15, 30, 45 dan 60 menit) Dalam penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh waktu reaksi terhadap yield dan kualitas produk biodiesel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan konsentrasi katalis NaOH 0,75 %, waktu reaksi 45 menit menghasilkan yield produk biodiesel terbesar yaitu 98 % dan hasil analisa karakteristik kualitas produk biodiesel telah sesuai dengan standar mutu biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2012