Penjadwalan mata kuliah di universitas merupakan masalah multivariabel yang kompleks karena melibatkan banyak variabel yang memiliki keterbatasan yaitu banyak ruang kelas, jam kuliah, jadwal dosen, hingga jadwal mahasiswa yang akan berkuliah. Selama lebih dari 40 tahun masalah tersebut telah diteliti untuk diperoleh solusi optimal atau setidaknya mendekati optimal. Tujuan penelitian-penelitian itu adalah menghindari adanya bentrok antara variabel-variabel yang terlibat di dalam penjadwalan, dengan menggunakan model, pendekatan,  metode,  hingga  membangun  program komputer. Pewarnaan  graf  merupakan model yang paling banyak digunakan untuk memodelkan dan menyelesaikan masalah penjadwalan mata kuliah. Tulisan ini merupakan studi literatur mengenai beberapa algoritma pewarnaan graf dengan skema largest first yaitu algoritma Greedy dan algoritma Welsh-Powell yang digunakan untuk memodelkan dan menyelesaikan masalah penjadwalan matakuliah. Dengan memahami berbagai algoritma tersebut, diharapkan dapat dibentuk suatu model dan solusi yang sesuai untuk masalah penyusunan jadwal mata kuliah di universitas, khususnya di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Pewarnaan Graf, Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah, Greedy, Welsh Powell.

Materi utama dalam bab Geometri Dimensi Tiga di tingkat SMA/MA adalah penghitungan jarak dan sudut antara unsur-unsur ruang, yaitu titik, garis, dan bidang. Sedangkan materi yang dibahas dalam bab Vektor meliputi: penambahan, perkalian titik, perkalian silang, dan proyeksi orthogonal. Penulis mengamati bahwa dua bab tersebut direspon secara berbeda oleh siswa SMA/MA. Masalah jarak dan sudut pada bangun ruang dimensi tiga merupakan masalah yang dirasakan sulit oleh mayoritas siswa SMA . Di sisi lain, konsep dan rumus-rumus vektor relatif lebih mudah dipahami. Adapun kesulitan yang dirasakan siswa ketika menghadapi masalah jarak atau sudut dimensi tiga adalah kesulitan spasial. Artinya, siswa seringkali tidak berhasil membayangkan secara tepat posisi bidang-bidang, garis-garis, maupun titik-titik yang perlu dihitung jarak atau sudutnya. Dalam paper ini, akan dikembangkan suatu pendekatan vektor untuk menyelesaikan masalah jarak dan sudut pada bangun ruang dimensi tiga, baik itu kubus, balok, maupun limas. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan vektor, diharapkan siswa dapat lebih mudah memahami konsep ruang dimensi tiga dan mampu lebih cepat dalam menyelesaikan penghitungan jarak maupun sudut.Kata kunci : Geometri, Bangun Ruang, Dimensi Tiga, Vektor, Jarak, Sudut.

Many of high school students find difficulty in studying three dimensional geometry. They find difficulty in understanding three dimension objects such as cube, cuboid, pyramide, etc. Most students fail to make correct perception about the distance to calculate, when the problems are dealing with lines or planes. Only students with good spatial capability can solve such problems.  This research focused on making new approaching method to understand and then calculate the distance in a three dimensional objects. The approach is vector approach, including develop connection vectors, normal vector of a plane, and calculating distance from a point to certain line or plane using vector theorems. The Approach was tested by experimental study to a class of XII grade of high school students in SMAN 1 Parongpong, Indonesia,  consists of 30 students, and conducted in six meeting. A similar class treated with the conventional spatial approach as the control class. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the research data. Based on the research data analysis, the conclusion of the study was  that students treated with vector approach achieve higher performance improvement compare with the students treated with conventional approach. By using vector theorems to solve three dimensional problems, we turn the theory into action.   Keywords       :  Vector Approach, Three Dimensional, Distance, Line, Plane

The mathematics problem-solving ability of students in Indonesia is not high yet. The students found it difficult to do the mathematics problems that lead to solving a problem. This study aims to improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills using the Edmodo platform. The study used a quasi-experimental design to find out whether the enhancement of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities that obtain using the Edmodo Platform with a scientific approach is significantly higher than the students who obtain scientific approach learning models. The sample of the research was students in two classes X grade student Negeri 1 Parongpong, West Bandung 2019/2020. The first-class students obtained an using the Edmodo Platform with a scientific approach, while the students in the second class obtained a scientific approach learning with a scientific approach. The results showed that the enhancement of the students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in both classes was included in the moderate category. Based on the statistical tests, the students in the first class have a significant enhancement in mathematical problem-solving abilities compared with the students in the second class. Furthermore, student responses to use the Edmodo Platform with a scientific approach are categorized as "very like" and student responses to a scientific approach are categorized as "very like".

Introduction: Identify the research problem clearly. Establish the purpose/objectives of the study.   Methods: Write the specific research design. State the respondent/participants/subjects (who, how many). Provide the data gathering method. Describe the data analysis.   Results: Summarize the findings. Give the conclusions and implications.   Discussion: Provide the recommendation for future research.