Numerous studies have described human exposure to heavy metals from diverse sources in Nigeria, but little is known about the exposure from personal care products, and few or no report is available on the personal care product concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper and zinc, which have biotic effects. The levels of these elements were determined in 74 samples of 5 different classes of personal care products commonly used in Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Significant levels of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn were found in all the products. The highest values of Cd (0.553 ppm) and Cu (0.783 ppm) were observed in hair cream, while medicated cream was mostly implicated for Cr (0.383 ppm) and Zn (0.793 ppm). Since no limit relating to cosmetic products is available, it is difficult to ascertain if the values of metals obtained in this study are too high or low; but Cd and Cr are prohibited in any amount in cosmetics. Prolonged use of soaps and creams containing these elements may pose threat to human health and the environment.

Latar Belakang: Infeksi hepatitis B (HBV) pada ibu hamil telah menjadi perhatian dunia karena penularan yang paling sering terjadi di seluruh dunia, terutama pada daerah-daerah endemis, yaitu penularan dari ibu ke anak pada masa prepartum atau perinatal dengan risiko tertular infeksi hepatitis B (HBV) pada anak lebih dari 90%. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan desain case control study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh ibu hamil yang mengikuti layanan Antenatal Care selama periode Januari – Maret 2021 di fasilitas kesehatan Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Penentuan besar sampel dengan cara “Total Sampling” untuk kelompok kasus yaitu sebanyak 50 responden dengan perbandingan kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol yaitu 1 : 1. Pemeriksaan HbsAg menggunakan alat Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). Data yang diperoleh, diolah dan dianalisis secara bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik menggunakan Aplikasi SPSS. Hasil: Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan (p-value = 0,027; OR = 2,705; IK 95%: 1,197-6,113), paritas (p-value = 0,023; OR = 2,846; IK 95%: 1,228-6,697), dan pasangan seksual (p-value = 0,031; OR = 9,333; IK 95%: 1,121-77,704) merupakan faktor risiko kejadian hepatitis B pada ibu hamil. Sedangkan kelompok umur (p-value = 0,177) dan jenis pekerjaan (p-value = 0,059) tidak menjadi faktor risiko kejadian hepatitis B pada ibu hamil. Kesimpulan: Tingkat pendidikan, paritas, dan pasangan seksual merupakan faktor risiko kejadian hepatitis B pada ibu hamil. Diantara semua faktor risiko yang ditemukan, pasangan seksual merupakan faktor yang paling berisiko terhadap kejadian hepatitis B pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Luwu Timur tahun 2021 (p-value = 0,022; OR: 12,920; IK 95%: 1,440-115,894)

This article was result of research and development (R & D) which aims to obtain profile of inquiry ability of students. Model of the tool development was based on 4-D model of Thiagarajan et al., which are consist of define, design, develop, and disseminate. In 2015, we had produced the tool that was student worksheets, that meets validity criterion both by experts and practitioners. The model/framework of the worksheet consists of title, question of investigation, analysis questions, and question to infer. The model/framework minimized guidance statement just like as in laboratory activity guidance book (which were like "cake recipe"). Limited testing in this study was conducted in develop stage, using descriptive analysis approach. The subject of research was students of X1 class consist of 30 students, at SMAN 1 Makassar in even semester of academic year 2016/2017 on heat and temperature. The results of study showed that the average of inquiry ability of students of SMA N 1 Makassar was in enough skilled categories. Learning process by using this student worksheet (LKPD) could train the inquiry ability of students because this worksheet consists of scientific activity based on science process skill. The SMA students, who were the subject of this research, were unfamiliar with independent learning, therefore the use of similar worksheet for another topic was needed. If students have familiarity with this LKPD, their inquiry ability would be getting better and better, students will be accustomed with scientific activity, and we expect that the scientific habitual will be formed and would be character. Keywords: student worksheets, productive question, inquiry AbstrakTulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian R & D (Research and Development) yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran/profil kemampuan berinkuiri siswa. Model pengembangan perangkat mengikuti model pengembangan 4-D dari Thiagarajan dkk, yang terdiri dari define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Pada tahun 2015 telah dihasilkan perangkat pembelajaran berupa lembar kerja peserta didik yang memenuhi kriteria valid baik oleh pakar maupun oleh praktisi. Model/kerangka lembar kerja yang dihasilkan terdiri dari judul, pertanyaan penyelidikan, pertanyaan analisis, dan pertanyaan penyimpulan. Model/kerangka ini meminimalkan pernyataan tuntunan seperti dalam bentuk penuntun praktikum (yang mirip "resep kue). Ujicoba terbatas dalam penelitian ini berada pada tahap develop, metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X1 yang berjumlah 30 orang, di SMA N 1 Makassar pada tahun akademik 2016/2017 semester genap pada tema suhu dan kalor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan Naskah diterbitkan: 30 Desember 2016

There is a dearth of data on the consumer product concentrations of iron, lead, and nickel for accurate comparison to be made. The levels of these elements were determined in 85 samples of six different classes of personal care products commonly used in Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the analysis showed that the range of the mean concentrations of Fe was 0.485-1.108 ppm, Pb ND-0.163 ppm, and Ni ND-0.160 ppm. The analytical data have demonstrated that the selected consumer products are possible sources of iron, lead, and nickel exposure. Users can be exposed to these metals directly through dermal contact or inhalation. The regulations relating to cosmetic products give no limit values for heavy metals in cosmetic products, hence, it was difficult to establish if the values obtained in this study are safe or not. Prolonged use of soaps, creams, and detergent containing these elements may pose threat to human health and the environment. This could be responsible for various skin diseases such as allergic skin, follicular and pigmentary disorders, which are common among the users (exposed groups) of these products in Nigeria. A body of evidence has presented a rare example of systemic allergic dermatitis caused by topical application of a mercury-containing cosmetic to the upper lip of a 32-yearold Turkish patient.

Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang di alami oleh balita di dunia khususnya masalah kesehatan dalam bidang gizi. Kasus stunting berada di angka 34,8 persen pada 2013. Pada Riskesdas 2018 berada di angka 31,4 persen, (Tim Riskesdas, 2018). Untuk wilayah kabupaten nabire sendiri terdapat 185 kasus, dan kasus terbanyak terdapat pada wilayah kerja puskesmas Sanoba dengan 38 jumlah kasus stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar risiko pengetahuan ibu, pemberian ASI Eksklusif, BBLR, tinggi ibu, dan pendapatan keluarga dengan kejadian stunting. Pengumpulan data di lakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan case and control. Hasil penelitian di temukan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan Ibu dengan kejadian stunting, di peroleh nilai OR 95% CI = 0,023 (0,006 – 0,087), ada hubungan antara pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting, di peroleh nilai OR 95% CI = 0,067 (0,022 – 0,208), ada hubungan antara tinggi badan Ibu dengan kejadian stunting, di peroleh nilai OR 95% CI = 25,278 (6,468 – 98,795), ada hubungan antara pendapatan keluarga dengan kejadian stunting,OR 95% CI = 3,588 (1,650 – 11,896), riwayat BBLR di peroleh nilai OR 95% CI = 6,070 (3,688 – 18,284).