Introduction: This research main goal is to study the antiplasmodial activity of Macaranga gigantea leaf ethanolic extract and its major components on malaria parasites using ex vivo model. Methods: This study was conducted by extraction of M. gigantea leaves using ethanol and isolation of its major constituent. The extract and isolate were tested ex vivo on Balb-C mice's blood after i.p. administration of Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA. Antiplasmodial activity was observed from mice blood treated by various concentration of either extract or isolate and the parasitaemia percentage were determined by calculating infected blood cell after 24 h of the treatment. It is expressed as decreased of parasitaemia levels and percent of inhibition. Qualitative analysis of active fraction were tested by HPLC method. Chemical structure of isolate were characterized by using UV, IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and MS spectrophotometry. Results: Ex vivo antiplasmodial study gave the percent inhibition as much as 92.1; 85.7; 64.1; 41.5 and 21.7% at extract concentrations of 300, 100, 30, 10 and 3 μg/ mL respectively. The IC 50 values of the extract was 27.1 µg/ml. With respect to the percent of inhibition, at the same concentration, the isolate showed activity as much as 70.2; 62.5; 39.1; 21.7 and 10.8%. The IC 50 value of the isolate was 60.2 µg/ml. At the same concentration with extract and Isolate, Pyrimethamine as positive control gave percent inhibition of 94; 87.5; 44.8; 15.; and 12%, with IC 50 of 31.4 µg/ml. The results showed that major constituent of M. gigantea leaves is flavonoid. HPLC analysis using a photo diode-array detector showed that the active fraction have same retention time with that of apigenin as standard. Based on instrumental analysis data and compared with literature, a flavonoid derivate known as apigenin can be said has been isolated. Conclusion: It can be concluded that either M. gigantea leaves extract or isolated active constituent known as apigenin have potent antiplasmodial property.

Patah kemudi (Abroma augusta L.) is one of the shrubs that live on the edge of a river. A. augusta contains several secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to isolate the compounds contained in the leaves of Abroma augusta and determine anti-inflammatory activity. Extraction and fractionation were performed by multilevel maceration. Isolation of compounds was carried out by column chromatography. The anti-inflammatory activity test was done using the Winter method. The n-hexane extract was separated by vacuum column chromatography and continued with gravity column chromatography to obtain isolate 8.1, which was then characterized using UV-Vis and IR spectrophotometer. The results of UV-Vis spectrophotometer on isolate 8.1 showed absorption at a maximum wavelength of 268 indicating a conjugate double bond which may be an aromatic originating from steroid compounds. While, the results of IR spectrophotometer characterization from isolate 8.1 manifested the presence of steroid compounds. The results of the activity test of isolate 8.1 with a dose of 10 mg presented the best anti-inflammatory activity compared to the positive control of diclofenac sodium. From the results of the GCMS shows that isolates contain γ-sitosterol compounds with a value of m/z 414.

The antioxidant activity found in Musa balbisiana Colla may be related to anti-gout activity, where

Fragrance seeds are produced from a combination of various kinds of raw materials, both natural and synthetic. One of the synthetic raw materials added in making fragrances is Schiff base. In this study, aurantiol Schiff base was made from raw material of methyl anthranylate and hydroxy citronellal by simple condensation at 110°C for 30 minutes. The color of the product obtained is observed and compared to the standard color, which is dark yellow. Furthermore, characterization was carried out using gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry. The chromatogram results showed that aurantiol with the molecular formula C 18 H 27 NO 3 had similarities above 90%.

Sintesis nanokomposit Fe3O4/TiO2 sebagai fotokatalis yang dapat diambil kembali dalam fotoreduksi limbah ion Ag(I) telah dilakukan. Sintesis diawali dengan sintesis magnetit (Fe3O4) melalui kopresipitasi dan sonikasi. Pelapisan TiO2 dilakukan dengan proses sol-gel dengan penambahan benih atau seed TiO2 degusa, dan diikuti perlakuan termal pada suhu 500 °C. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) dan diffuse reflectance-UV (DR-UV). Uji aktivitas fotokatalis nanokomposit Fe3O4/TiO2 dilakukan terhadap fotoreduksi ion Ag(I) dengan sistem batch dalam reaktor tertutup yang dilengkapi dengan lampu UV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit Fe3O4/TiO2 memiliki kemampuan fotokatalitik yang baik. Nanokomposit Fe3O4/TiO2 memiliki kemampuan fotoreduksi lebih baik dibanding TiO2 tanpa modifikasi. Fotoreduksi ion Ag(I) 12,5 ppm berlangsung optimum pada pH 6 dan waktu reaksi 90 menit dengan hasil sebesar 98,6 %.