Multicomponent exercise training has improved functional status regardless of the antihypertensive medication options. Hypertensive older adults should add exercise training to pharmacological antihypertensive therapy to reduce the rate of physical disability.

Functional status has improved with ACEi medication and exercise training, regardless the ACEi medication therapy. Exercise training plus ACEi antihypertensive therapy should be recommended into the standard prescription practice to reduce the rate of physical disability among hypertensive older adults.

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare movement visualization ability in federate and nonfederate Boccia athletes, and among federate Boccia medical sport groups. Forty-two Boccia athletes (Federate N = 24; Non-federate N = 18) at an average age of 35.8 (SD = 11.19) participated in this study. The Portuguese version of Movement Imagery Questionnaire -3 (MIQ-3), was used for this study. The participants were evaluated on the internal and external visual imagery. Statistics was carried out following the method of interference based on the magnitude of the effects. Results showed a great effect of expertise in imagery ability. The comparison between federate and non-federate Boccia athletes showed a great effect in the Internal Visual subscale and a moderate effect in the External Visual subscale. It was also observed differences between athletes from different medical-sports groups, revealing that the requirements of the sport linked to their action abilities provides them with different Imagery abilities. These results clearly influence the prescription of imagery training programs for different groups taking into account different medical-practice groups.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar y evaluar los efectos de un programa de visualização mental (IM) en atletas de Boccia federados y no federados. Veintiún atletas de Boccia participaron en este estudio. Al comienzo del estudio, y después de un período de entrenamiento de IM de 8 semanas, se evaluó la capacidad de IM de los atletas (MIQ - 3) y su desempeño en las tareas de Boccia (distancia al objetivo y distancia a la pelota de color). El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo mediante inferencias basadas en magnitudes no clínicas. Los resultados sugieren que, desde antes hasta después de la prueba, los atletas federados y no federados tuvieron una puntuación de IM más alta y exhibieron un rendimiento mejorado. Los niveles de rendimiento fueron influenciados por el nivel de experiencia de los participantes, y los atletas no federados revelaron una mayor magnitud de mejora que los atletas federados. Se observó una correlación no significativa entre MI y rendimiento. Aunque la inconsistencia de la relación entre IM y rendimiento, los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento de IM mejora el desarrollo de la capacidad de IM y también las acciones motoras en los atletas de Boccia. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effects of an imagery (IM) training programme in federated and non-federated Boccia athletes. Twenty-one Boccia athletes participated in this study. At the beginning of the study, and after a period of an 8-week IM training, the athletes’ IM ability (MIQ – 3) and their performance in Boccia tasks (distance to target and distance to coloured ball) were assessed. Data analysis was carried out using non-clinical magnitude-based inferences. The results suggests that, from pre to post test, federated and non-federated athletes had a higher IM score and exhibited an improved performance. The performance levels were influenced by the participants’ level of expertise, with the non-federated athletes revealing higher magnitude of improvement than federated athlete’s. A non-significant correlation was observed between IM and performance. Although the inconsistency of the relationship between IM and performance, the results suggests that IM training enhances the development of IM ability and also motor actions in Boccia athletes. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar e avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treino de imagery (IM) em atletas federados e não federados de boccia. Vinte e um atletas de Boccia participaram neste estudo. No início do estudo, e após um período de um treinamento IM de 8 semanas, a habilidade IM dos atletas (MIQ - 3) e seu desempenho em tarefas de bocha (distância até o alvo e distância até a bola colorida) foram avaliados. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de inferências não clínicas baseadas em magnitude. Os resultados sugerem que, do pré ao pós-teste, atletas federados e não federados obtiveram maior score de IM e melhor desempenho. Os níveis de desempenho foram influenciados pelo nível de experiência dos participantes, com os atletas não federados revelando maior magnitude de melhoria do que os atletas federados. Uma correlação não significativa foi observada entre IM e desempenho. Apesar da inconsistência da relação entre IM e desempenho, os resultados sugerem que o treino de IM aumenta o desenvolvimento da habilidade de IM e também das ações motoras em atletas de boccia.