No abstract

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de alguns serviços de Atenção Básica pela população infantil no estado do Maranhão, comparando-se a evolução dos indicadores nos últimos dez anos. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, no período de julho de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, com uma amostra representativa do estado do Maranhão de 1.711 crianças, obtida por amostragem aleatória sistemática por conglomerados. Foi utilizada a pesquisa "Saúde, Nutrição e Mortalidade Infantil no Maranhão", desenvolvida em 1996, como referencial comparativo aos dados do presente estudo. Do total de crianças estudadas, 38,4% realizaram a consulta preventiva no primeiro ano de vida, das quais 92,1% utilizaram o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Observou-se que praticamente todas as variáveis tiveram incremento positivo em relação ao estudo da década passada - as consultas de puericultura no primeiro ano de vida e antes do primeiro mês de vida em média 10%; já o acesso ao serviço público ascendeu em torno de 17%. Conclusões: Com essa análise do comportamento atual e de 10 anos atrás, observou-se a melhoria em alguns indicadores de atenção à saúde da criança no estado do Maranhão, possivelmente relacionada aos processos de implantação e aprimoramento da Estratégia Saúde da Família, determinantes do processo de consolidação do Sistema Público de Saúde no Brasil - evolução que pode parecer lenta aos olhos das pesquisas, mas que tem a dimensão necessária para configurar-se na maior política de inclusão social do país.

This longitudinal study investigated, over a 10-year period, reported changes in people with narcolepsy (a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness). The issues of the functional impact of symptoms; stimulant medication status; body mass index, and concomitant illnesses were examined. The study also documented, using retrospective report, environmental factors influencing narcolepsy severity, and reported time of worst symptom severity following narcolepsy onset. In 1991, 127 people with diagnosed narcolepsy and cataplexy completed a wide-ranging questionnaire. In 2001, attempts were made to recontact these participants and 67 were traceable. Of these, 47 people, (18 males, 29 females; mean age 61.76 years, age range 31-86 years) returned a revised questionnaire. The reported impact of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) on the ability to carry out day-to-day activities showed minor increases in severity over the 10-year period in this older narcolepsy sample, and this could not be attributed to major changes in medication status. It is argued that the underlying severity of EDS does not increase with time, but rather that the interaction of EDS with the ageing process increases its detrimental impact. Improvements in the functional impact of sleep paralysis, hallucinations and automatic behaviour were reported. There was no evidence that any narcolepsy symptom became substantially worse with time for most people with the disorder. The influence of environmental factors on symptoms was inconsistent within the group. The elevated body mass index, stable over time, suggested that excess weight may be a trait often associated with narcolepsy, possibly linked to hypocretin deficiency.

To estimate the prevalence of social participation (exposure) and its association with positive self-assessment of overall health status (SAH) (outcome) among 7,712 Brazilian elderly interviewed in the National Health Survey 2013. A cross-sectional study that used Propensity Score (PS) to improve comparability between the group exposed and no exposed to social participation. Poisson regression was performed to determine the prevalence and association of interest using crude and adjusted by inverse probability of selection of PS. Social participation was reported by 25.1% (CI95%: 23.4-26.9) and was lower among poor older people, who depend on public transportation and live in more precarious contexts. Most did not SAH positively, but the proportion was higher when they had social participation (48.0%; CI95%: 46.0-51.0). There was a positive association of social participation with SAH positive. The association using the adjusted model (PR: 1.15; CI95%: 1.08-1.22) attenuated the estimated in the crude model. Elderly exposed were 15% more likely to provide a positive SAH. Despite low levels in Brazil, there was a positive association between of social participation and SAH, confirming that engagement in such activities provides important gains for the health and quality of life.

Objectives: to describe the characteristics of pneumonia hospitalizations in children under five years of age across the State of Maranhão, Brazil, and explore patterns of spatial distribution of admissions. Methods: ecological study using data on occurrences (age, gender, skin color/race, month of occurrence, and municipality of residence) between 2012 and 2017 taken from the Unified Health System’s Hospital Information System and municipal level socioeconomic indicators for 2010. Each respiratory disease, including pneumonia, was presented as a percentage of overall admissions for respiratory tract diseases, together with the monthly distribution of admissions as a percentage of total annual cases, and annual rate of admissions by gender. The General G* statistic was calculated to identify significant clustering of municipalities with similar proportions of hospital admissions for pneumonia relative to overall hospital admissions. Results: pneumonia was the leading cause of admissions for respiratory disease, accounting for 57% of all cases and occurring with greater frequency in the rainy season (February to June) and in cities with lower socioeconomic indicator values. The rate of admissions decreased over the study period. Significant clusters (p<0.05) of municipalities with high proportions of hospital admissions for pneumonia relative to overall hospital admissions occurred predominantly in the south of the state, while clusters with low propor-tions were located mainly in and around the metropolitan region of the state capital São Luís. Conclusions: pneumonia was shown to be a key cause of hospitalization in children and its distribution was associated with contextual socioeconomic factors, reflecting the quality of life and health status of children in Maranhão.