RESUMOO Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa caracterizado pelo comprometimento cognitivo comumente associado a transtornos do humor, os quais desencadeiam reações depressivas, comprometem o desempenho mental e a funcionalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos do L-triptofano e analisar o comportamento motor em modelos experimentais com depressão decorrente do processo de Alzheimer. A amostra foi composta por 40 ratos da linhagem wistar divididos igualmente em dois grupos, 20 animais tratados com L-triptofano e 20 animais pertencentes ao grupo controle. Ambos os grupos receberam treinamento da memória espacial no later water maze e foram submetidos à cirurgia estereotáxica para indução demencial. Verificou-se através do labirinto aquático de Morris que o grupo tratado obteve atividade para memória espacial melhor do que o grupo controle. O tratamento com L-triptofano demonstrou melhor benefício na memória reativa. Palavras-chave: Doença de Alzheimer. Depressão. Serotonina. Triptofano. ABSTRACTAlzheimer is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment normally associated with mood disorder, which triggers depressive reactions and compromises mental performance and functionality. The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of L-tryptophan and analyze the motor behavior in experimental models with depression caused by the Alzheimer process. The sample was composed by 40 wistar rats divided equally in two groups, 20 animals treated with L-tryptophan and 20 animals from control group. Both groups received spatial memory training in water maze and were submitted to stereotaxic surgery to induce dementia. It was verified through Morris water maze that the treated group obtained a better spatial memory activity than the control group. The treatment with L-tryptophan demonstrated benefit in reactive memory. Keywords: Alzheimer Disease. Depression. Serotonin. Tryptophan. IntroduçãoA doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma patologia neurológica, degenerativa, lenta e gradativa, que inicialmente afeta a memória episódica e é mais comum após a quinta década de vida 1,2 . Essa demência corresponde a 60% dos casos de comprometimento cognitivo progressivo em idosos 3 , onde o acometido manifesta dificuldades na aquisição de novas tarefas, em memorizar, decidir, agir, alimentar-se e no estágio mais avançado apresenta um estado vegetativo, incluindo alterações no ciclo circadiano, modificações comportamentais, sintomas psicóticos, inabilidade para caminhar, falar e realizar o autocuidado 2,4 . Os mecanismos da neurodegeneração atingem primeiramente as estruturas do lobo temporal medial, entre eles o hipocampo e o giro parahipocampal que são estruturas fundamentais para a memória. Posteriormente a degeneração afeta outras regiões do neocortex associativo, comprometendo a cognição. Isto se deve a uma anormalidade nas placas senis e a emaranhados neurofibrilares formados por uma modificação na proteína precursora de amiloide e ao hipercolapso do citoesqueleto neuronal derivados d...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was defined as a neurodegenerative disorder, being more affected in the elderly. It is estimated that every 3.2 seconds a person in the world is affected by the high disease that rate in 2050 to 1 second. Therefore, research has been carried out on new therapeutic approaches, such as Transcranial Photobiomodulation and treatment based on antioxidants, such as Resveratrol. Therefore, the objective is to conduct a literature review on these two approaches and their effects on the treatment of AD. It was carried out according to the PRISMA recommendation and the articles were selected according to the years of publication (between 2015 and 2020) and extracted from the following databases: Science Direct, PubMed PMC, Scopus, PubMed NCBI, SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE and PEDro. In several studies it has been reported that both therapies provide improvements at the molecular and behavioral level, recovering brain functions, acting in a neuroprotective way, improving quality of life, with few adverse effects and in a less invasive way. Thus, both treatments have numerous benefits that can be useful in the treatment of AD. However, there is a need for further research that includes interventions with greater specificity and control, so that they are defined as ideal doses and treatment protocols.

Introduction: The use of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes has been common practice since antiquity. Ruta graveolens L., commonly known as rue, has been shown to have antiparasitic, antioxidant, antibacterial and allelopathic activity. Objective: The objective was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of rue, as well as the mechanisms behind this effect. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 40 male Norvegicus (Wistar) rats, randomly divided into a positive control and three treatment groups administered Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract at the following doses: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg, p.o. The experimental models of nociception used in this study to assess effectiveness of the treatments were the formalin and capsaicin tests. Five days prior to nociceptive challenges, the tail immersion assay was conducted to determine baseline pain threshold. Results: Antinociceptive activity was observed at Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract concentrations of 50 mg/kg and 100mg/kg. 500 mg/kg induced pro-nociceptive activity with activation of the L-arginine-oxide-nitric system. Conclusion: These results suggest Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract antinociceptive activity, and possible antagonism towards receptors

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Background: Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in plant kingdom and target of studies in pharmacological area due to its potent antinociceptive effect compared to analgesics used in conventional therapies. The aim was to evaluate its antinociceptive activity and antinociception mechanism. Methods: For this, 40 Norvegicus Wistar rats were used, divided into 4 groups: Q50 (treated with quercetin 50 mg/Kg), Q100 (treated with quercetin 100 mg/Kg), Q500 (treated with quercetin 500 mg/Kg) and Positive control (PC) without quercetin treatment), who were submitted through the pain induction methods by tail immersion and formalin in the first step to assess antinociceptive action and in the second step, tail immersion method receiving antagonists from opioid, cholinergic and nitric oxide - L-arginine to evaluate the action mechanism. Results: Quercetin antinociceptive activity was verified at the dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg in tail immersion test after formalin injection, with better performance at the dose of 50 mg/kg. There were no statistically significant results in paw opening and capsaicin tests. Quercetin demonstrated a possible influence on opioid and cholinergic pathway, which was not observed on the nitric acid - L-arginine pathway in view of parameters tested. Conclusion: Quercetin performed the best antinociceptive activity at a dose 50 mg/kg and there was a possible influence on opioid and cholinergic pathways.