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A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, motile, oxidase-and catalase-positive, rod-shaped strain, designated ZS2-30 T , was isolated from Antarctic intertidal sandy sediment. The strain grew at 4-35 6C (optimum, 25 6C) and in 0-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0-4.0 %). It could reduce nitrate to nitrite and hydrolyse Tween 80. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain ZS2-30 T were summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 16 : 1 v6c), C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 v9c, C 16 : 1 v9c, C 12 : 0 3-OH and C 12 : 0 . The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ZS2-30 T was 55.8 mol%. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZS2-30 T was affiliated with the genus Marinobacter. It showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the type strains of three species of the genus Marinobacter, namely Marinobacter maritimus (98.3 %), Marinobacter psychrophilus (98.1 %) and Marinobacter goseongensis (97.1 %), but the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain ZS2-30 T and the above three species were all lower than 45 %. Moreover, strain ZS2-30 T could be distinguished from closely related species of the genus Marinobacter by various phenotypic properties. Based on this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain ZS2-30 T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter antarcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Marinobacter antarcticus is ZS2-30 T (5CGMCC 1.10835 T 5KCTC 23684 T ).The genus Marinobacter in the class Gammaproteobacteria was originally proposed by Gauthier et al. (1992) for a Gram-negative, extremely halotolerant, hydrocarbondegrading, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from Mediterranean seawater near a petroleum refinery. At the time of writing, the genus comprised 29 species (Gauthier et al.,

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, pink-pigmented and rod-shaped strain, designated ZS3-33T, was isolated from Antarctic intertidal sandy sediment. The strain grew optimally at 15 °C and with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. It reduced nitrate to nitrite and hydrolysed Tween 20. It could not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c and the predominant respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminophospholipids and an unidentified aminolipid. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZS3-33T belonged to the genus Pseudorhodobacter , showing 97.4 % similarity to the type strain of Pseudorhodobacter ferrugineus and 95.3 % similarity to the type strain of Pseudorhodobacter aquimaris . Levels of gyrB gene sequence similarity between strain ZS3-33T and the type strains of P. ferrugineus and P. aquimaris were 87.6 and 81.7 %, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain ZS3-33T and P. ferrugineus DSM 5888T was 56.6 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ZS3-33T was 57.1 mol%. Based on data from this polyphasic study, strain ZS3-33T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter , for which the name Pseudorhodobacter antarcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZS3-33T ( = CGMCC 1.10836T = KCTC 23700T). An emended description of the genus Pseudorhodobacter Uchino et al. 2002 emend. Jung et al. 2012 is also proposed.