No abstract

Antislavery actors evoke the history of the transatlantic slave trade in campaigns to mobilise action to address the suffering experienced by contemporary migrants described as 'victims of trafficking'. That framing has been picked up by state actors who present measures to supress unauthorised migration per se as necessary to protect migrants from a 'modern-day slave trade'. Yet the parallel between trafficking and the slave trade is undermined by the fact that people who today are described as 'trafficked', as much as those described as 'smuggled', actively wish to travel and do so in the hope that by moving, they will secure greater freedoms. This article therefore asks whether there are similarities between the journeys of contemporary unauthorised migrants and those of enslaved people who fled from slavery in the Atlantic World, and if so, why. Bringing data from historical sources on slave flight into dialogue with data on the journeys of contemporary sub-Saharan African migrants to Europe and Brazil, it identifies a number of experiential parallels, and argues that for those concerned with migrants' rights, enslaved people's fugitivity potentially offers a more fruitful point of historical comparison than does the slave trade.

IntroduçãoAs mudanças políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais das últimas quatro décadas evidenciaram novas formas de organizar o capital, o trabalho, as mobilidades e o controle de ambos (seja por parte das empresas ou por parte dos Estados nacionais), ressignificando relações de trabalho, espaços produtivos e ordenamentos jurídicos. Com base em pesquisas realizadas com trabalhadores no Brasil e na Inglaterra, neste artigo discutimos esses reordenamentos destacando tendências e contradições da mobilidade do capital e do trabalho, disposições regulatórias por um lado e desregulatórias de outro, que evidenciam as mobilidades diferenciadas e a precarização crescente da vida social.Para isso apresentamos, inicialmente, uma breve contextualização da reestruturação político-econômica e cultural do capital, a partir da década de 1970, focando na relocação dos tempos e espaços e na emergência de novas tecnologias, novas ocupações e novos controles (do tempo, do espaço e do trabalho). Em seguida, discutimos como tais mudanças foram acompanhadas por uma tendência de redução dos vínculos formais nas relações capital-trabalho, resultando não apenas no aumento da informalidade no trabalho, entendida em sua ilegalidade em termos regulatórios, mas também em sua ressignificação positiva como empreendedorismo, tendo o Brasil como referência.Em um segundo momento, discutimos as contradições emergentes da mobilidade global do capital e do trabalho, através de trabalhadores imigrantes brasileiros

For the social entrepreneur can create new business opportunities that generate high social impact we need to be prepared to deal with adverse market conditions and the numerous social problems. According to Oliveira (2004), social entrepreneurs need to have certain skills, abilities, knowledge and attitudes. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present the results of a systematic review of the literature on social entrepreneurship and the development of skills by answering the following research questions: what skills need to be developed and that are needed to increase the chances of a social entrepreneur have chance in business? And what theoretical gaps existing in the literature? The first step of the analysis was to define the research selection criteria. Due to the fact that this review has several sources to consider two types of strategies have been considered according to the study Beecham (2007). Of the 116 articles selected for the study 14 involving the concepts of social entrepreneurship and development of competence. The results indicated that: i) there is no clear definition of the responsibilities for social entrepreneurs succeed in business, ii) there is a theoretical gap, (iii) is important for the community that research skills to increase the number of studies that address social entrepreneurship, iv) there is a growth curve of the number of publications in the last decade. The more published works are expected to: reduce the threats to validity.

This article explores the effects of Brazil’s recent economic growth and the narrowing of the inequality gap on the second Brazilian migration wave to the UK over the last two decades. Migration-related research has emphatically argued that this ongoing international mobility results from transnational networks developed by pioneers who encouraged fellow citizens to travel. Although this paper considers social networks as an important factor shaping the movement of Brazilians abroad, we propose to debate contemporary Brazilian migration by shedding light on the national socio-economic policies implemented since the late 1990s. Thus, through a rigorous literature review of Brazilian transnational migration studies and multi-sited ethnography in Brazil and London, we focus particularly on how the opening up of the Brazilian economy to international capital flow, and the implementation of social programmes followed by the enlargement of its domestic consumer market, helps to explain the current increase and diversification of Brazilians abroad.