Dioxin is one of the environment's persistent organic pollutants that harm animal and human health. Prolonged exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can disrupt normal organ function including heart. Yogurt is known to have antioxidant properties, and fortification natural plant-based antioxidant purple roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract into yogurt can improve the antioxidant potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the preventive effects of yogurt fortified with purple roselle on dioxin exposure rats (Rattus norvegicus) based on the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathological of the heart. This experimental study used a completely randomized design (CRD). A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (Negative Control, Positive Control, Treatment groups T1, T2, and T3), a dose of 200 ng.kg -1 BW TCDD and 1 mL of roselle yogurt 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% were given orally for 12 days. MDA levels were analyzed using the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) assay and histopathology of the heart using the Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. Statistical analysis used one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Histopathology changes were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that TCDD exposure induced oxidative stress in heart tissue, and yogurt roselle has the potential to prevent an increase of MDA levels significantly (p<0.05). Furthermore, TCDD can cause histopathological alterations, such as necrosis and hemorrhage, and yogurt roselle was proven to prevent cardiotoxicity due to TCDD exposure.

Yogurt is a bacteria fermented milk product, containing bioactive peptide components, which potential as antioxidant, reducing damage of cells caused by free radicals. Purple Hibiscus sabdariffa L (roselle) calyx has anthocyanin and phenolic compound which has capacity as antioxidant. The addition of purple rosella calyx extract to yogurt increases the antioxidant potential, as well as in organoleptic value. The aim of this study was to determine which the best concentration of purple Hibiscus sabdariffa L (roselle) calyx extract-fortified yogurt, based on organoleptic evaluation. This study used organoleptic evaluation was involving 30 panellists, consist of the hedonic test comprised color, taste, aroma, texture and the overall value, and the hedonic quality test comprised color, sour taste, roselle taste, sweet taste, dairy aroma, and texture. Factor of treatment was the concentration of purple roselle calyx extract-fortified in pasteurized cow’s milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, consisted of 3 levels, i.e. 0.5; 1; 1.5% (v/v). Data was analysed using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, if the result was significantly different (p<0.05) then it processed using Mann-Whitney test (α=5%). The result of this study showed that 1.5% was the most preferable concentration of fortification by panellist based on its color. The average panellist also stated that the 1.5% was has darker color (less red) compared to 0.5 and 1%. The color of 1.5% concentration is most preferable (highest average value, 3.83) because on its darker color than the others.

Dioxin is toxic contaminant which persistent in the environment. This compound bio-accumulate through food chain and generate adverse effect in human health. Oxidative stress due to dioxin exposure can interfere metabolism process and leads to the development of hepatotoxicity.The aim of this study was to asses the role of casein derived from goat milk yogurt in dioxin-intoxicated rat based on liver function parameters. Substances used were: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) diluted in corn oil and casein from goat milk yogurt. The study included 24 Wistar rats divided into 6 groups: (1) control group, (2) placebo group which given casein 600 mg/kg BW, (3) TCDD group given with TCDD 100 ng/kg BW, (4) group P1 given casein 300 mg/kg BW and TCDD, (5) group P2 given casein 600 mg/kg BW and TCDD, (6) group P3 given casein 900 mg/kg BW and TCDD. The respective dose were given orally for 21 days. Blood serum was collected for transaminases (ALT, AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) analysis. Based on serum transaminases activity, there were no significant change on AST and ALT level. Casein yogurt supplementation has significant effect on serum GGT level (p<0,05) and optimum dose was 600 mg/kg BW/day

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This study aimed to measure the incidence rate of brucellosis in dairy cattle at Batu City based onserological tests (seroprevalence) and to determine the relationship between the incidence ofbrucellosis and reproductive disorders. Cross-sectional epidemiological research was conducted todetermine the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cows. Serum samples were obtained from 130dairy cows over 6 months of age, reproductive disorders data using a questionnaire on 21 farmers.Serological testing used the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and continued with the Complement FixationTest (CFT). The data analysis used Pearson's Chi-Square correlation statistical test. Theseroprevalence of brucellosis at Batu City was 0.7%. The prevalence of reproductive disorders indairy cows was 29.2% consisted of 8.5% abortion and 20.8% repeated mating. There was acorrelation between brucellosis and the incidence of abortion (2 = 10.90; P<0.05) and a correlation between the incidence of abortion and the age more than 3 years (2 = 5.35; P<0.05). The conclusion of this study showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at Batu city was low (<2%).The results of this study could be used as the basis for implementing a vaccination program anderadicating brucellosis at East Java