A new actinomycete strain Micromonospora sp. K310 was isolated from Ghanaian mangrove river sediment. Spectroscopy-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two new compounds from the fermentation culture. One of the compounds is butremycin (2) which is the (3-hydroxyl) derivative of the known Streptomyces metabolite ikarugamycin (1) and the other compound is a protonated aromatic tautomer of 5′-methylthioinosine (MTI) (3). Both new compounds were characterized by 1D, 2D NMR and MS data. Butremycin (2) displayed weak antibacterial activity against Gram-positive S. aureus ATCC 25923, the Gram-negative E. coli ATCC 25922 and a panel of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains while 3 did not show any antibacterial activity against these microbes.

A novel halotolerant actinomycete, designated strain BNT52T , was isolated from soil collected from Cihanbeyli Salt Mine in the central Anatolia region of Turkey, and examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolate was found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of the genus Amycolatopsis and formed a distinct phyletic line in the 16S rRNA gene tree. Strain BNT52 T was most closely related to Amycolatopsis nigrescens CSC17Ta-90 T (96.7 %), strains of species of the genus Amycolatopsis were lower than 96.2 %. The isolate grew at 20-37 6C, pH 6-12 and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell wall of the novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. Major fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 2-OH and iso-C 16 : 0 . The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain BNT52 T represents a novel species within the genus Amycolatopsis for which the name Amycolatopsis cihanbeyliensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain BNT52 IntroductionThe genus Amycolatopsis, first established by Lechevalier et al. (1986), belongs to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and is a member of the suborder Pseudonocardineae (Embley et al., 1988;Warwick et al., 1994;Stackebrandt et al., 1997). The members of the genus are Gram-reaction-positive, nonacid-fast, non-motile actinomycetes that form branched vegetative hyphae that undergo fragmentation into rod-like and squarish elements. The genus contains halophilic, alkaliphilic, mesophilic, thermophilic and pathogenic species (SaintpierreBonaccio et al., 2005;Lee, 2006;Lee et al., 2006;Groth et al., 2007). The species of the genus Amycolatopsis have mesodiaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose in the wall peptidoglycan (wall chemotype IV sensu Lechevalier & Lechevalier, 1970), fatty acids rich in iso-and anteiso-branched components and a lack of mycolic acids (Takahashi, 2001). The predominant menaquinone type is MK-9(H4); phosphatidylethanolamine is a diagnostic phospholipid (type II sensu Lechevalier et al., 1977) and the G+C content of genomic DNA ranges from 66 to 73 mol%. The aim of the present polyphasic study was to clarify the taxonomic position of the novel strain BNT52 T of the genus Amycolatopsis, isolated from a soil sample, collected from Cihanbeyli Salt Mine, in Turkey.During research on biodiversity of culturable actinomycetes from a soil sample collected from Cihanbeyli Salt Mine (GPS coordinates for the sampling site are 38 u 459 500 N 33 u 099 260 E), located in the central Anatolia region, actinomycete strain BNT52T was isolated on modified Bennett's agar (Jones, 1949) supplemented with 5 % NaCl (w/v), which had been inoculated with a soil suspension and incubated at 28 u C for 21 days. The organism was maintained on modified Bennett's agar slopes containing ...

A reddish-orange-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic strain, N4211 T , isolated from arid soil, collected from Abuja, Nigeria, was analysed by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain N4211T belonged to the genus Methylobacterium. Strain N4211 T was most closely related to

A novel actinobacterium, strain A8036 T , isolated from soil, was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism formed extensively branched substrate hyphae that generated spiral chains of spores with irregular surfaces. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type III) and cell-wall sugars were glucose, madurose, mannose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 4 ). The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 1 cis9, C 16 : 0 , C 15 : 0 and 10-methyl C 17 : 0 . Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain A8036 T were Actinomadura meyerae DSM 44715 T (99.23 % similarity), Actinomadura bangladeshensis DSM 45347 T (98.9 %) and Actinomadura chokoriensis DSM 45346 T (98.3 %). However, DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain A8036 T could be clearly distinguished from the type strains of all closely related Actinomadura species. Strain A8036 T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura geliboluensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A8036 T (5DSM 45508 T 5KCTC 19868 T ).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain KT2025 T , was isolated from arid soil collected from Magusa, northern Cyprus. The taxonomic position of the novel strain was established by using a polyphasic approach. The organism had chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Amycolatopsis and showed that the organism formed a cluster with Amycolatopsis nigrescens CSC17- Ta genus Amycolatopsis such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The polar lipids detected were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 14 : 0 . The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.8 mol%. Phenotypic data clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data and low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest relatives indicated that strain KT2025 T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis magusensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KT2025 T (5DSM 45510 T 5KCTC 29056 T ).