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Patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases often have antibodies that are directed against multiple nuclear antigens called as antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Two testing methods i.e. ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) techniques are used to detect these antibodies. Though ELISA is a cheaper method, IF is a preferred method for detection of ANA. In our study we have compared these two techniques for their diagnostic performance. Both the testing methods were applied on 155 samples. Of these, 135 samples were from test group and 20 samples were controls (negative and positive controls). Of the 135 test samples, IF yield positive results in 25(18.51%) cases and was found negative in 110(81.49 %) cases. Positive results were found by ELISA in 20(14.81%) cases and negative in 115(85.19 %) cases. Samples showing positive results with both methods were 18(13.33%) and samples showing negative results with both methods were 108(80.0%). 07(5.18%) cases that gave negative results by ELISA were found to be positive by IF. 02(1.48%) samples that were found to be positive by ELISA were negative by IF. Sensitivity & specificity of ELISA was compared with IF and was found to be 90.0% and 93.9% respectively. From this study it can be concluded that for testing ANA, IF is better than ELISA.

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Background: One of the central features of the immune system is the capacity to mount an inammatory response to potentially harmful foreign materials while avoiding damage to self-tissues. Autoimmunity is dened as an immune response leading to reaction with self-antigen, this may be a harmless phenomenon, identied only by the presence of low-titre autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells. These are a major cause of chronic morbidity and disability, affecting up to 1 in 30 adults at some point during life. Autoimmune diseases result from the failure of immune tolerance, the process by which the immune system recognises and accepts self-tissue. Materials And Methods Hospital based Observational study. Total 152 cases were studied with suspected connective tissue disorders attending OPD/IPD in tertiary care hospital in One and a half years (January 2020 to July 2021), but only 57 out 0f 152 cases were screened by ANA IIF Test and ANA BLOT Test both. Result: ANA positivity was more observed in females. Autoimmune disorder was more common in the age group of 20-40 years about 22 cases (38.6%). Most common pattern observed was Homogenous (n=20, 48.78%). Most common band observed is dsDNA (14.92%) followed by SS/RO 60 (13.43%) PO (11.94%), Histone (10.44%) and Nucleosome (10.44%). The sensitivity, specicity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of ANA Blot after comparing it with ANA IIF is 70.73 %, 87.50%, 93.54%, 53.84% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, detection of ANA by indirect immunouorescence is the most cost - effective screening test in investigating autoimmune disease. ALine-Immuno Assay is performed for further conrmation and detection of specic antibody in sera which can be quantitated with ELISA/RIA/CLIA methods and can help in assessing the prognosis, disease activity and monitoring of therapy for a particular auto-immune disorder. However, despite their easy use, line immunoassays have some drawbacks including lack of sensitivity and specicity for certain antigens.