SS and LK conceived of the study and developed the research question. LK developed the search strategy with input from SS, AA and MVE. Searches were conducted by LK; screening was conducted by LK, AA, MVE and NC; data was extracted by LK and NC; study quality was appraised by AA, LK and MVE. Data was analysed and interpreted, and the
ZusammenfassungDie flächendeckende Verbreitung erfolgreicher Interventionen der Gesundheitsförderung ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um messbare und nachhaltige Gesundheitswirkungen auf Bevölkerungsebene zu erzielen. Das Konzept des Scaling-Up bietet Ansätze, um Pilotinterventionen auf andere Standorte oder ganze Systeme zu übertragen und sie so einer Vielzahl von Menschen zugänglich zu machen. Dieser Beitrag möchte für den deutschsprachigen Raum auf Basis einer Literatur-Review einen ersten Überblick über einige theoretische Scaling-Up-Modelle sowie praktische Leitlinien für ein erfolgreiches Scaling-Up geben. Der Blick in die aktuelle Forschung liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Definition von Scaling-Up und von damit verbundenen Konzepten, den verschiedenen Typen von Scaling-Up, zu zentralen Akteuren und ihren spezifischen Rollen, zum Ablauf von Scaling-Up-Prozessen sowie zu begünstigenden und hinderlichen Kontextfaktoren für erfolgreiches Scaling-Up. Damit kann dieser Artikel einerseits die Planung und praktische Umsetzung konkreter Scaling-Up-Vorhaben unterstützen und andererseits Anregungen für die weitere Forschung auf diesem Gebiet bieten.
Self-report measures of health behaviour have several limitations including measurement reactivity, i.e. changes in people’s behaviour, cognitions or emotions due to taking part in research. It is thus often recommended to use objective digital measurements instead; however, it is unclear whether they also induce reactivity. Therefore, this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised 31 studies, including 7 experimental studies with 18 effects. Most studies investigated reactivity to digital measurement of physical activity, reporting small but significant effects. Measurement reactivity may be amplified by (1) ease of changing the behaviour, (2) awareness of being measured and social desirability, and (3) resolving discrepancies between actual and desired behaviour through self-regulation. Measurement reactivity may be reduced by discarding the first days of measurement and by restricting visibility of the data. Studies on reactivity to measurement of other health behaviours were scarce, indicating the need for future rigorous experimental research.
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