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ABSTRAKTrichoderma spp. merupakan jamur bermanfaat yang dapat menghasilkan molekul bioaktif (metabolit sekunder) dengan kandungan antibiotik, enzim, hormon, dan toksin yang berperan penting dalam biokontrol penyakit tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui potensi metabolit sekunder Trichoderma spp. untuk mengendalikan penyakit vascular streak dieback (VSD) pada bibit kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), dan kebun petani di Desa Balubus, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat, mulai bulan April sampai Agustus 2016. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 5 tanaman. Perlakuannya adalah metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh T. virens LP1, T. hamatum LP2, T. amazonicum LP3, T. atroviride JB2, dan T. viride PRD, kontrol (tanpa perlakuan metabolit sekunder), dan fungisida kimia sebagai pembanding. Bibit kakao berumur 3 bulan diperlakukan dengan metabolit sekunder Trichoderma spp. dengan cara menyemprotkan suspensi metabolit ke seluruh permukaan daun. Aplikasi metabolit sekunder dilakukan setiap minggu sebanyak 6 kali. Inokulasi Ceratobacidium theobromae dilakukan secara alami dengan cara meletakkan bibit di bawah pohon kakao yang terserang VSD. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap masa inkubasi dan intensitas serangan VSD serta pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metabolit sekunder Trichoderma spp. berpotensi untuk mengendalikan penyakit VSD pada bibit kakao. Metabolit sekunder yang paling potensial untuk mengendalikan VSD adalah T. amazonicum LP3 dan T. virens LP1 dengan penekanan intensitas serangan masing-masing sebesar 81,8% dan 63,2% atau lebih besar dan setara dengan fungisida kimia komersial (63,6%) serta dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang bibit kakao.

Vascular streak dieback<em> (VSD) caused by </em>Ceratobasidium theobromae<em> is a major disease in cacao which results in</em><em> yield losses up to 45%. Controlling VSD using secondary metabolites and botanical fungicide is expected to reduce disease attacks because secondary metabolites contain antibiotics, enzymes, and toxins that can control the disease and botanical fungicide that are antifungal. The research aimed to determine the effect of </em>Trichoderma <em>spp. secondary metabolites and botanical fungicide to control VSD in cacao. The research was conducted in the Integrated Laboratory, IIBCRI, Sukabumi, Biotechnology Laboratory, BPPT, Serpong and farmer gardens in Rahmat Village, Palolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, from March to December 2017. The research used a randomized block design of 7 treatments with 3 replications; each replication consists of 10 plants. The treatments were: (1) </em>Trichoderma virens<em> LP1, (2) </em>T. amazonicum<em> LP3, (3) botanical fungicide, (4) </em>T. virens<em> LP1 + botanical fungicide, (5) </em>T. amazonicum<em> LP3 + botanical fungicide, (6) chemical fungicide (for comparison), (7) control (without application).</em><em> Variables observed were the symptoms of the attack, severity and disease progression, and production. The results showed that </em>Trichoderma <em>spp. secondary metabolite</em><em>s suppress VSD disease severity and increase cacao production up to 33.97%–61.34%, either in a single form or in combination with botanical fungicide. </em>T. virens<em> LP1 secondary metabolite </em><em>showed the highest suppression of VSD disease (54.18%), followed by the combination of T. virens LP1 + botanical fungicide (47.64%), better than chemical fungicide (30.89%). Thus, </em>Trichoderma <em>spp. secondary metabolites can be used as a VSD control technology.</em>

Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by microorganisms or plants which are not directly involved to development and reproduction. The secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. are antibiotic compounds, enzymes, toxins, and hormones that inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. Phytophthora palmivora is a pathogen that causes black pod, leaf blight, and stem canker in cacao, which potentially reduce production up to 40%. This study was aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites against P. palmivora. Isolates of Trichoderma spp., i.e. T. virens LP1, T. hamatum LP2, T. amazonicum LP3, T. atroviride JB2, and T. viride PRD were cultured on vegetative and generative medium, then their secondary metabolites was extracted using butanol and ethyl acetate. Analysis of the extracts of secondary metabolite was performed using HPLC to determine their chromatogram profile. The secondary metabolites obtained were tested against P. palmivora using poisoned-medium method and cacao seedlings. In vitro inhibition activity, disease severity, and growth of cacao seedlings were observed. The results showed that extraction of the secondary metabolite using butanol produces more metabolites than those using ethyl acetate. Secondary metabolites of T. virens LP1 and T. amazonicum LP3, significantly inhibited P. palmivora growth up to 90.98%. In general, secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. can suppress P. palmivora infection (60.02%–70.00%) in cacao seedlings.

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