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The rapid progress in the chemistry of carboranes and other polyhedral boron compounds makes the development of methods for the synthesis of their various functional derivatives a high priority. The formation of cyclic oxonium derivatives followed by the ring opening is one of the most efficient methods for the preparation of these compounds. This review addresses the data on the use of the nucleophilic ring opening of cyclic oxonium derivatives based on cobalt and iron bis(dicarbollides), which have been extensively studied in recent years. Reactions involving O-, N-, S-, P- and C-nucleophiles are considered as a route to the targeted synthesis of a wide range of organic boron derivatives, in particular various boron-containing biologically active compounds. Possible applications of the reaction products are discussed. The bibliography includes 197 references.

Novel zwitter-ionic nido-carboranyl azide 9-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 was prepared by the reaction of 9-Cl(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 with NaN3. The solid-state molecular structure of nido-carboranyl azide was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 9-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 was used for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with phenylacetylene, alkynyl-3β-cholesterol and cobalt/iron bis(dicarbollide) terminal alkynes to form the target 1,2,3-triazoles. The nido-carborane-cholesterol conjugate 9-3β-Chol-O(CH2)C-CH-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 with charge-compensated group in a linker can be used as a precursor for preparation of liposomes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). A series of novel zwitter-ionic boron-enriched cluster compounds bearing a 1,2,3-triazol-metallacarborane-carborane conjugated system was synthesized. Prepared conjugates contain a large amount of boron atom in the biomolecule and potentially can be used for BNCT.

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