For the first time, a mycological analysis of outdoor urban environment (air, leaves, sealed surfaces) was carried in the cities of subarctic (Murmansk) and temperate (Moscow) climatic zones. The chemical composition of dust deposited on leaves of dominant tree species was taken as an indicator of the air quality. Assessment of the complex impact of factors (climate zone, type of substrate, anthropogenic load) on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of mycobiome was performed. Compared to Moscow, Murmansk was characterized by an increased number and concentrations of pollutants in the deposited dust. The number of culturable airborne fungi in Murmansk was substantially lower than in Moscow. Half of the species belonged to the opportunistic in both cities. Most dangerous opportunistic fungi were absent in the air of recreational zones but present on leaves surface and in road dust in all assessed zones of the cities. Dust chemical composition affected the diversity of fungi species. While the relationship of biological parameters with concentration of potentially toxic metals was generally negative, Cd increased the fraction of opportunistic fungi in road dust. The study revealed an importance of substrate in determining the sensitivity of outdoor mycobiome to pollution and highlighted its biological characteristics sensitive to climate.

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A study of the hydrophysical properties of substrates of technogenic landscapes, an assessment of the prospects of using thermoactivated vermiculite as an ameliorant was carried out. Contaminated areas are characterized by the absence of vegetation and a low probability of initiating the process of soil formation without direct intervention. Thermally activated vermiculite has been proposed as an ameliorant to improve the quality of soil and reduce the geochemical mobility of metals. The proposed materials have water-retaining properties, high sorption activity with respect to a number of metals, developed specific surface area and availability in sufficient quantities. The use of local mining enterprises as remediators of waste makes it possible to increase the profitability of developments and helps to reduce the volume of accumulated waste.

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The sorption of platinum group metals by fibers FIBAN AK-22 and A-5 from acidic chloride-sulfate and sulfate solutions was studied under static conditions. FIBAN contains primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups. The degree of extraction of platinum metals is calculated. The optimal conditions of sorption from the model solutions are determined. The influence of the temperature regime on the sorption process is established. It is shown, that all platinum group metals are quantitatively extracted from acidic chloride-sulfate solutions by fiber FIBAN AK-22 regardless of the concentration of chloride ions, H2SO4 and temperature absorption. Extraction exceeds 96% at a concentration of sulfuric acid up to 3 mol/dm3 and chloride ion up to 1 mol/dm3. Extraction of osmium is maximum at a concentration of sulfuric acid and chloride ion 3 mol/dm3. The degree of extraction of platinum group metals on FIBAN A-5 is from 50 to 85% and is maximum at elevated temperature and concentrations of H2SO4 and chloride ion 1 mol/dm3 and decreases with increasing concentration of sulfuric acid. Electronic spectra of platinum metal solutions were obtained and the state of platinum metals in chloride and chloride-sulfate solutions was estimated. After the introduction of sulfuric acid into the system, changes in the electronic spectra of platinum (IV), ruthenium and osmium solutions were noted. The spectra of palladium, rhodium and iridium solutions have not changed. When extracting platinum metals from production sulfate solutions of complex composition with a high content of macro components (Ni, Cu, Fe, Te and Se), the efficiency of fiber AK-22 is shown. The advantages of fiber FIBAN AK-22 over FIBAN A-5 are noted.