Diabetes mellitus (DM)-related morbidity and mortality are steadily rising worldwide, affecting about half a billion people worldwide. A significant proportion of diabetic cases are in the elderly, which is concerning given the increasing aging population. Proper nutrition is an important component in the effective management of diabetes in the elderly. A plethora of active substances of plant origin exhibit potency to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The nutraceutical and pharmaceutical effects of anthocyanins have been extensively studied. In this study, the effect of Hungarian sour cherry, which is rich in anthocyanins, on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction was tested using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were maintained under both normoglycemic (5 mM) and hyperglycemic (30 mM) conditions with or without two concentrations (1.50 ng/µL) of anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and damaged vasorelaxation processes were investigated by evaluating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and gene expression of four proinflammatory cytokines, namely, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1α (IL-1α), as well as the gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). It was found that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was significantly suppressed by anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract in a concentration-dependent manner. The gene expression of the tested proinflammatory cytokines increased under hyperglycemic conditions but was significantly reduced by both 1 and 50 ng/µL anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract. Further, although increased ET-1 and ECE-1 expression due to hyperglycemia was reduced by anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract, NOS expression was increased by the extract. Collectively, these data suggest that anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract could alleviate hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasorelaxant effects.
Szociális és érzelmi tanulás az iskolában"Az IQ csak kismértékben képes megjósolni az életben való sikerességet, az érzelmi és szociális készségek sokkal jobb mutatói ennek." (Daniel Goleman) A szociális és érzelmi készségek, képességek alapvető szerepet játszanak a szociális viselkedés működősében. A hazai (pl. Kasik, 2010(pl. Kasik, , 2015Zsolnai, 2013) és a kül-földi (pl. Greene, Hariton, Robins és Flye, 2011) vizsgálatok eredményei szerint a társas viselkedés hatékonysága nagymértékben függ ezen készségek és képességek kész-letének gazdagságától, a szociális kompetencia alakulására pedig főként e pszichikus összetevők működéséből következtethetünk. A szociális készségek, amelyek speciális verbális és nem verbális viselkedési formákat határoznak meg, szituációfüggőek, hatás-sal vannak rájuk a körülményekből fakadó szociális követelmények, s leginkább e pszichikus komponensek megfelelő működése teszi lehetővé az adaptív és eredményes viselkedést. A szociális készségeket tanulás (pl. megfigyelés, modellkövetés, ismétlés, megerősítés) útján sajátítjuk el.A szociális interakcióban az érzelmeknek is nagy szerepük van, hiszen azok megfelelő kifejezése alapvető fontosságú. Az érzelmek felismerése és megértése az érzelmek által közvetített információk dekódolását és értelmezését, az érzelmek szabályozása a külön-böző tartalmú és intenzitású érzelmek kezelését, irányítását jelenti. Egyre több vizsgálati * A tanulmány írása a 2013-1-HU1-LEO04-10210 1 azonosítószámú Social and Emotional Learning in Vo cational Education and Training (SELVET) című projekt keretében történt.
Background: The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) simplified the description of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and also introduced a new trauma-related diagnosis called complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). CPTSD is linked to earlier, prolonged interpersonal trauma, and is characterized by a broader range of symptoms, in addition to the core PTSD symptoms. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) has been developed to assess the new diagnostic criteria. Objectives: The primary aim of our study was to test the factor structure of the ITQ in a clinical and a non-clinical Hungarian sample. We also examined whether the degree of traumatization or the type of trauma experienced was associated with meeting the criteria for PTSD or CPTSD, or with the severity of PTSD or disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms, in both samples. Method: A trauma-exposed heterogeneous clinical sample ( N = 176) and a non-clinical sample ( N = 229) filled out the ITQ and a modified version of the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5). The factor structure of the ITQ was tested by examining the model fit of seven competing confirmatory factor analysis models. Results: A two-factor second-order model with a second-order PTSD factor (measured by three first-order factors) and a DSO factor (measured directly by six symptoms) had the best fit to the data in both samples if an error correlation was allowed between negative self-concept items. Those in the clinical group who reported more interpersonal and childhood trauma experienced more PTSD and DSO symptoms. Also, there were significant, positive, and weak associations between the total number of different traumas and PTSD and DSO factor scores in both samples. Conclusion: ITQ was found to be a reliable tool to differentiate between PTSD and CPTSD, two related but distinct constructs in a clinical and a non-clinical trauma-exposed sample in Hungary.
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