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The progressive growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotic drugs requires the creation of highly efficient nanomaterials. Aluminum oxide is a stable non-toxic semiconductor material; however, the photocatalytic properties of its modifications in relation to microorganisms are not well understood. In this study, we used new 3D composites of aluminum oxyhydroxide (Al2O3 × nH2O) in three modifications (γ, α and θ), which are a mesh of 150 nm nanofibrils. The assessment of the photocatalytic antibacterial properties of the composites was carried out on the museum strain S. aureus 209 P. It was shown that, in combination with violet LED radiation (405 nm, 17 mW/cm2), the composites under study significantly suppress bacterial growth (from 65 to 89%), with the sample containing γ-Al2O3 showing the best result.