Recent civilizational transformations have led us to search for and introduce new didactic solutions. One of these is e-learning, which is a response to the needs of the education system and its individual stakeholders. The e-learning systems currently available offer similar solutions. Only during direct interaction with a given tool can one notice significant differences in their functionality. By carrying out evaluation studies the indicators that determine this functionality can be identified. The paper presents e-learning in the context of the academic training of the future generations of teachers. The reflections revolve around digital literacy and experience in using modern information and communication technologies in education. The goal of the research was to evaluate three areas: the functionality of the SELI platform, individual experiences with e-learning, and digital literacy. The technique used was an e-learning survey appended to the end of two e-learning courses offered on the platform. The survey was addressed to teachers and students of the biggest pedagogical university in Poland. The general impression of the content presented on the platform was, in most cases, rated as being very good or good. The platform itself was also evaluated positively. Based on the analyses conducted, two groups of platform users were identified. One third of the users have diverse experiences with e-learning, which corresponds with their digital literacy. The remaining two thirds of the respondents need more training in the areas evaluated. The authors of the paper believe that this type of study should accompany all activities that introduce e-learning at every stage of education. Only then will it be possible to discover where the digital divide lies among the teaching staff and learners.

The aim of this research was to compare the level of digital competence of future pedagogical staff (students of pedagogical faculties) in Italy and Poland. The research was conducted using original measurement tools and knowledge tests. The triangulation of techniques and research tools made possible the determination of the level of knowledge of the positive and negative features of the development of the information society, as well as the proficiency and frequency of use of the most popular websites and software. The research was conducted in the first half of 2022 using stratified sampling in both countries (N = 1209, IT = 604, PL = 605). Based on the data collected, it was noted that: (1) Pre-service teachers most often use software such as word processors and presentation creation tools; (2) This group very rarely uses software to create web pages, create visual material, or edit video; (3) The least problematic software that students use are word processors and multimedia presentations; (4) Among the typical ICT mediated activities that cause problems are: searching for and installing freeware (PL), installing and configuring parental control software (PL, IT), creating websites (PL, IT), searching for freely licensed images, and identifying plagiarism (PL); (5) Polish students have more theoretical knowledge about e-risks and the possibilities of the digital world than their Italian counterparts; (6) In most domains, the Italian future teachers rate their competences higher; (7) 53.81% of the respondents in IT and 38.68% in PL received lower results in competence tests, and handling ICT in selected areas causes problems for these students; (8) Both in PL and IT the frequency of ICT use and its seamless integration are predictors for assessing the effectiveness of ICT use in education.

Lymphoedema is a serious problem in patients treated for malignant neoplasm. The removal of regional lymph nodeslymphadenectomy-is an inherent consequence of the surgical treatment of malignant neoplasm of breasts, genitals, prostate, skin cancer, salivary glands cancer and many others. The basic methods of conservative treatment of this chronic disease include complex methods of physiotherapy. The aim of this study is to present the rules of rehabilitation of patients treated for lymphoedema, which have been adopted by the team of the Department of Rehabilitation in the Holycross Cancer Centre in Kielce. This paper presents complex methods of physiotherapeutic management and discusses their availability and practical application in Polish health care institutions. Streszczenie Obrzęk limfatyczny stanowi poważny problem wśród pacjentów leczonych z powodu nowotworów złośliwych. Usunięcie regionalnych węzłów chłonnych-limfadenektomia, jest nieodłącznym skutkiem operacyjnego leczenia m.in. nowotworów złośliwych gruczołu piersiowego, narządów płciowych, prostaty, skóry, ślinianek. Do podstawowych sposobów leczenia zachowawczego tej przewlekłej choroby należą kompleksowe metody fizjoterapeutyczne. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zasad usprawniania chorych leczonych z powodu obrzęków limfatycznych, jakie zostały przyjęte przez zespół Zakładu Rehabilitacji w Świętokrzyskim Centrum Onkologii w Kielcach. W pracy zaprezentowano kompleksowe metody postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego oraz omówiono ich dostępność i praktyczne zastosowanie w polskich placówkach służby zdrowia.

Around 40% of post-mastectomy women meet the requirements of general guideline recommendations of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity as a sufficient minimum for adults. However, Kyu et al. disagree with this concept in their systematic review of literature on energy expenditure, claiming it to be insufficient in breast cancer prevention. The aim of the present study is to determine which specific type of physical activity is most commonly pursued among postmastectomy women, as well as which type of exercise proves the most beneficial for those patients. One hundred and ten original papers were identified in all 4 research databases, out of which 8 were subjected to final evaluation. The exercise programs under evaluation comprised aerobic exercise (n = 4), muscle strengthening exercise (n = 2), and mixed aerobic and muscle strengthening activities (n = 2). Aerobic exercises were established as the most frequently pursued type of physical activity in post-mastectomy women. Presently, the task of credibly evaluating overall effectiveness of rehabilitation programs featuring different types of physical activities proves rather challenging, as there is still no consensus as to the actual methods of designing a set of uniformly structured evaluation tools to be applied by all investigators. StreszczenieOkoło 40% kobiet po mastektomii podejmuje wysiłek fizyczny o umiarkowanej intensywności trwający 150 minut w tygodniu. Kyu i wsp. stwierdzają w systematycznym przeglądzie literatury dotyczącym wydatku energetycznego, że normy te nie są wystarczające do zapobiegania nowotworowi piersi. Celem pracy była odpowiedź na pytanie, jaki typ aktywności fizycznej jest najczęściej stosowany przez kobiety po mastektomii oraz jaki typ treningu wydaje się przynosić najlepsze korzyści dla pacjentek. Znaleziono 110 oryginalnych prac w 4 bazach naukowych. Do ostatecznej analizy włączono 8 prac naukowych. Interwencje aktywności fizycznej u kobiet po mastektomii były wykonywane w programach aerobowych (n = 4), siłowych (n = 2) oraz mieszanych, aerobowo-siłowych (n = 2). Treningi aerobowe są najczęściej stosowaną formą aktywności fizycznej u kobiet po zakończonym leczeniu z powodu raka piersi. Brak spójnych narzędzi oceny efektywności programów zawierających różne typy aktywności fizycznej nie pozwala na jednoznaczne określenie, który z programów wydaje się najbardziej korzystny dla kobiet po zabiegach mastektomii.Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne 2018; 34/1 87 Effectiveness of specific types of structured physical activities in the rehabilitation of post-mastectomy women: a systematic review

The main goal of the paper is to present opinions about cyberbullying prevention in Poland in the light of teachers' experiences. The authors show the current state of knowledge of electronic aggression and cyberbullying among the youths. They also present an overview of the difficulties educators face, the challenges and expectations of kids and youth regarding media prevention, as well as challenges related to the effectiveness of the modern, innovative prevention of risky behaviours. The study was conducted in the Pedagogical University of Cracow, in the first half of 2019, using a focus group method. The results provide new guidelines and findings which may be valuable for school practice and media pedagogy. The interviewed teachers declared that the effectiveness of the hitherto implemented preventive activities varies. They declared their need to develop their own digital literacy and were willing to participate in trainings focused on the practical aspects of anticipating cyberbullying and solving difficult cases (e.g. related to sexuality, image protection or attacking teachers via the Internet). The respondents admitted the necessity of joining efforts with police and local community institutions when solving the cyberbullying-related problems.