The article reflects the main problems of ensuring the safety and stability of enterprises in the real sector of the economy in modern conditions. At the same time, it is noted that for the successful functioning of the country's economy, it is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of real sector enterprises. In the modern world, due to increased competition and the emergence of various types of sanctions, as well as emerging internal and external threats, it is becoming increasingly difficult to produce competitive products. External threats have a wide range of different types of problems, such as financial, legal, information, innovative, technical, etc. In order for the company's activity to be effective, it is necessary to create its own system of economic security, because the development of the country's economy depends on each organization.

This article discusses the problems of minimizing threats to information security in the banking sector and identifies possible means to facilitate this process. By attracting funds and lending to clients on a commercial basis, banks are significantly expanding on an ongoing basis the network of services in the domestic financial and credit sector, have had a noticeable impact on the country’s economy. Simultaneously with the emergence of commercial banks, a number of problems arose that did not exist before, the main one of which is the need to ensure the safety of banks from criminal encroachments, first of all, informational. The problem of security for a commercial bank is relevant not only for the owners and shareholders of the bank, but also for employees and clients of the bank. Problems arising in the banking sector can negatively affect the general population and the situation in the state, therefore, it is necessary to approach the solution of this problem from a strategic position. The development of modern technologies in the banking sector expose banks to completely new and more dangerous threats. In order to prevent and repel threats to the bank’s security, any financial institution is forced to constantly deal with the problem of ensuring its own security. It should be noted that the provision of banking services is inextricably linked with the use of funds and financial products with various functions and qualities. Moreover, a credit institution is a product of a complex of financial services, both for passive and active tasks, and the main task of any bank is to offer customers a whole range of products that fully meet their needs.

The article studies the theoretical and methodological approaches of subjective and objective idealism, general scientific subjective and consumer methodological approaches in relation to the systematization of the fundamental foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of projects. The scientific positions of the economic schools of mercantilism and marginalism are analyzed, the views of the economic school of physiocrats, the ideology of objective rationalism of classical political economy are considered. In the course of theoretical scientific research, the process, trend and regularity of transformation of the main principles of subjective and objective idealism into the basic characteristics of consumer and system methodological approaches, respectively, which are the basis for evaluating the economic efficiency of investment projects, are established.

Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Region, Russia Zhigunova А.V. Rostov State Transport University Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Region, Russia Ovsyannikova I.P. Rostov State Transport University Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Region, Russia Logvinova I.V. Rostov State Transport University Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Region, RussiaAbstract-In the conditions of non-stationary economy during the investment analysis there is a need to take into account the factors of changes in the value of money in time, uncertainty and risk. This requires a comprehensive and systematic analysis based on the logical and mathematical concept of the time value of money and discounting in the formation of the evaluation apparatus of investment projects. The authors propose the principle of logical-mathematical concept, which consists in the fact that you can only discount the increased amount, not capital gains. It is argued that it is mathematically incorrect to compensate for the impact of inflation, risk and alternative cost of capital on the cash flows of a real investment project by discounting cash inflows. The principal point in assessing the effectiveness of investment projects is the organization of a clear algorithm of cash flows. The authors have compiled such an algorithm. Keywords-investment project, the time value of money, uncertainty, risk, methods of assessing the effectiveness of investment projectsI.

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