Accounting for R&D costs is an open issue. SFAS N�2 mandates that all R&D costs must be immediately expensed. IAS 38 requires capitalization of R&D costs if they meet certain criteria. Recent research papers show the value relevance of capitalized R&D. We test the value relevance of R&D reporting in a sample of 197 French firms between 1993 and 2002. The French context provides an interesting field for R&D value relevance studies because both accounting treatments of R&D costs (expensing and capitalization) are allowed. Unlike previous studies, we find that capitalized R&D is negatively associated with stock prices and returns. This negative coefficient on capitalized R&D implies that investors are concerned with and react negatively to capitalization of R&D. We also find that the firms choosing to capitalize (successful) R&D are smaller, more highly leveraged, less profitable and have less growth opportunities. Taking into account these characteristics, our robustness checks confirm that capitalized R&D is not associated with higher prices and is related to lower returns.
RésuméCet article apporte une contribution aux différentes solutions avancées pour expliquer l'écart constaté entre la valeur comptable et la valeur de marché des sociétés. Notre hypothèse est qu'il peut être en partie expliqué par le fait que les éléments immatériels ne sont pas correctement représentés dans les états financiers. Nos résultats indiquent un lien statistique entre le goodwill inscrit à l'actif et le ratio marketto-book. En revanche, aucun lien statistiquement significatif n'a été mis en évidence avec les mesures de l'intensité des immatériels passés en charge et la mesure du poids des actifs incorporels
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