Context:Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the lymph node is a simple diagnostic tool to diagnose suspected and unsuspected secondary and primary lymph node malignancy.Aim:To study the utility of FNAC in the diagnosis of clinically suspected and unsuspected lymph node malignancy.Design:A cross-sectional hospital based study on 50 patients diagnosed to have primary or secondary lymph node malignancy by cytology, and confirmed by histopathology.Materials and Methods:Lymph node aspirate smears reported as malignant were studied and the findings were correlated with histopathology. Clinical and radiological data were also noted.Statistical Analysis:The data were tabulated as per the involvement of the various lymph node groups and the types of secondary and primary lymph node malignancies involved.Results:45 cases of metastatic malignancy and five cases of lymphomas were diagnosed by FNAC of lymph nodes. Histopathological correlation was available in all cases. Malignancy was clinically unsuspected in nine cases (18%).Conclusion:FNAC of lymph nodes is a very useful, simple and sometimes the only tool in the diagnosis of lymph node malignancies.

Background: The incidence of lymphadenopathy appears to be increasing, especially among young adults all over the world. Their frequent involvement in regional and systemic diseases and their easy accessibility make the cytomorphological study of lymph nodes a permanent activity of pathologists. Inflammatory and immune reactions are the most frequent causes of lymph node enlargement and are self limiting in majority of cases. Lymphoid tissue undergoes reactive changes to a wide variety of antigenic stimuli. Tuberculosis, which is common in India, can also be diagnosed by cytology of affected lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are also affected as a result of primary neoplasm of the node itself and from metastasis of malignant neoplasm from regional and distant organs. With the advent of FNAC, most of the inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic conditions can be diagnosed without biopsy. It has the advantage that it can be done safely, rapidly and cheaply with minimal trauma at an outpatient setup or at the bedside. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at our institute which caters to patients belonging mostly to the lower socioeconomic group, after IEC [Institute Ethics Committee] approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. It included 355 patients with lymphadenopathies at various sites. Acellular aspirates were excluded from the study. FNAC was conducted with the help of a 22 guage disposable needle attached to a 20cc syringe. Smears were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin as well as Papanicolaou stains. Leishman stain was done on air dried smears. The cases suspected as Lymphoma were confirmed by biopsy or referred for Immunohistochemistry. The results expressed as percentage were tabulated.

The organ donor shortage has been the most important hindrance in getting listed patients transplanted. Living kidney donors who are incompatible with their intended recipients are an untapped resource for expanding the donor pool through participation in transplant exchanges. Chain transplantation takes this concept further, with the potential to benefit even more recipients. We describe the first asynchronous, out of sequence transplant chain that was initiated by transcontinental shipment of an altruistic donor kidney 1 week after that recipient's incompatible donor had already donated his kidney to the next recipient in the chain. The altruistic donor kidney was transported from New York to Los Angeles and functioned immediately after transplantation. Our modified-sequence asynchronous transplant chain (MATCH) enabled eight recipients, at four different institutions, to benefit from the generosity of one altruistic donor and warrants further exploration as a promising step toward addressing the organ donor shortage.

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A 35-year-old male patient presented with a right upper eyelid mass with mechanical ptosis. The patient gave no history of trauma or surgery. On examination, there was a huge cystic mass fixed to the tarsal plate. Excisional biopsy with tarsectomy was done. Histopathology sections demonstrated a keratin-filled cyst arising from the tarsus. A thorough Pubmed search did not reveal an epidermal cyst of the tarsal plate of this size which was successfully managed. The incision was made in such a way that postoperative ptosis would be avoided. Excess skin was removed during the surgery.