Background: The incidence of lymphadenopathy appears to be increasing, especially among young adults all over the world. Their frequent involvement in regional and systemic diseases and their easy accessibility make the cytomorphological study of lymph nodes a permanent activity of pathologists. Inflammatory and immune reactions are the most frequent causes of lymph node enlargement and are self limiting in majority of cases. Lymphoid tissue undergoes reactive changes to a wide variety of antigenic stimuli. Tuberculosis, which is common in India, can also be diagnosed by cytology of affected lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are also affected as a result of primary neoplasm of the node itself and from metastasis of malignant neoplasm from regional and distant organs. With the advent of FNAC, most of the inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic conditions can be diagnosed without biopsy. It has the advantage that it can be done safely, rapidly and cheaply with minimal trauma at an outpatient setup or at the bedside. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at our institute which caters to patients belonging mostly to the lower socioeconomic group, after IEC [Institute Ethics Committee] approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. It included 355 patients with lymphadenopathies at various sites. Acellular aspirates were excluded from the study. FNAC was conducted with the help of a 22 guage disposable needle attached to a 20cc syringe. Smears were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin as well as Papanicolaou stains. Leishman stain was done on air dried smears. The cases suspected as Lymphoma were confirmed by biopsy or referred for Immunohistochemistry. The results expressed as percentage were tabulated.

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Introduction: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is an indispensable diagnostic tool for evaluating haematological and non-haematological disorders and patient follow-up in present era. We have compared the advantages of trephine biopsy over bone marrow aspiration in these patients. Aim and objective: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of trephine biopsy test for haematological and non haematological disorder patients in comparison to bone marrow aspiration test. Materials and method: In this 1 year prospective study (June 2014-May 2015), we evaluated the haematological and non-haematological disorder patients by BMA and BMB (aided with I.H.C. when ever needed). The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were calculated. Results: Among, final 504 hemotological/non haematological disorder patients, 416 cases were diagnosed (+ve) in BMA test, where as it was 494 in BMB test and with chi 2 test it was highly significant as p = 0.0001. It was concluded that True positive cases were 416, True negative were 9 cases, false negative 78 cases and false positive was in one case only. The sensitivity and specificity of bone marrow trephine biopsy test was 84% and 90% respectively. Conclusion: BMB (aided with I.H.C) is a gold standard test for detecting different haematological and non hamatological disorders. In our study the sensitivity and specificity of BMB test was 84% and 90% respectively. When performed in association with BMA in the same sitting, significantly augments the chances of reaching a correct diagnosis.

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