BACKGROUND Goitre or swelling of thyroid gland is very common in NorthEast region and is encountered frequently in clinical practice. Goitre is a compensatory hypertrophy of thyroid gland and it has been recognised for centuries even back to the times of Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC) (LE McDonald.) The thyroid is the largest endocrine gland present in all mammals. In some disease conditions, an individual has to undergo a complete thyroidectomy and live on thyroid supplements for life. Is there a possibility of xenograft and xenotransplant? With this view a comparative study of the thyroid gland was under taken in the Dept. of Anatomy, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati. The main purpose of the study was to see if thyroid gland of human was in any way similar to thyroid gland of other mammals. Xenograft and Xenotransplantation are the latest research studies going on these days. By these techniques, tissues and organs of one species can be transplanted or grafted into another species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study of thyroid gland was conducted in Dept. of Anatomy, Gauhati Medical College. The various species included for studies were of human, pig and goat. They were divided into three groups I, II, and III. The specimen of human was collected from morgue of Gauhati Medical College. The specimen of pig and goat were collected from College of Veterinary Sciences, Gauhati. In all animals, the size, shape, length, breadth, thickness was recorded. RESULT The length, breadth, thickness of thyroid gland in group I, II and III were taken with the help of Vernier callipers. Weight was measured with the help of electronic weighing machine. The results were statistically analysed. DISCUSSION The findings of this study were compared with the findings of work done by other authors previously. CONCLUSION In this study, it was observed that biometrical values were different in all the mammals but morphological characters were almost similar.

Introduction: The vermiform appendix is a wormlike tube situated in the right iliac fossa. It arises from the posteromedial cecal wall, 2 cm or less below the end of the ileum and suspended by a peritoneal fold known as meso appendix. Position of the appendix influences its mobility. Most common position of appendix has been reported to be retrocecal followed by pelvic position. But there are other variable positions also reported by many. Aim: To study the anatomical variations of the positions of vermiform appendix in human cadavers. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from June 2020 to May 2021. Total 14 adult cadavers and 66 new born cadavers were included in the study. All the cadavers were dissected and abdominal cavity was explored. The position of the appendix was then noted in all specimens. Results: In most of the cases the position of vermiform appendix was found in retrocecal position followed by pelvic, pre-ileal and paracolic. In adults, retrocecal positions were more in males (88.9%) than females (40%) in contrast to newborns where retrocaecal positions were more in females (76.7%). As a whole, retrocecal position (66.25%) of appendix was the commonest finding in all cadavers. This was followed by pelvic (30%) position. Paracolic (2.5%) and pre-ilial (1.25%) positions were also noted in newborn cadaver. Conclusion: Knowing the variations in the position of appendix will guide the surgeons during intraoperative procedures. Since the positions of appendix vary considerably signs and symptoms also vary depending upon the different positions. Hence, the knowledge of its diverse anatomical positions is of utmost importance which helps the surgeons in proper management of appendicular pathology.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenging situation for the education system worldwide, as it has restricted student movement as a preventive measure. The teaching methodology impacted the medical education system globally, compelling the teacher to find out the effective online methods of teaching. Aim: To know the level of satisfaction of first year medical students of Anatomy classes by YouTube recorded vs live online classes. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based online survey (Google form) completed by 163 numbers of students of phase 1, attending the Department of Anatomy, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam. This study was carried out by using a specially designed questionnaire consisting of points, which was related to the present curriculum in Anatomy, as well as the teaching methodology adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the institute. Then, levels of satisfaction perceived by the students on uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube versus live classes on Zoom or Google meet were assessed in another questionnaire on a three-point scale: excellent, satisfactory, and neutral response. A Chi-square test for proportions was used to find out the statistical significance. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube was found excellent by 61.3% of students whereas classes on Zoom/Google meet were reported to be excellent by 17.8% of students (p-value=0.0001). On the other hand, 66.3% of students found the live classes on Zoom/Google meet “satisfactory” against 36.8% of students who were satisfied with uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube (p-value=0.0001). However, overall 160 (98.16%) students preferred uploaded pre-recorded classes on YouTube (reported to be excellent or satisfactory), whereas 137(84.05%) preferred live classes on Zoom/Google meet (p-value<0.05; 95%CI of differences: 8.19%-20.62%). Conclusion: From perceptions received from students, it was understood that majority of the students were satisfied with pre-recorded uploaded classes onYouTube.

BACKGROUND The lungs are the essential organ of respiration. Maturation of lung is divided into four stages pseudoglandular, canalicular, terminal sac and alveolar. By 16 weeks, all major elements have formed except those involved with gas exchange. Respiration is not possible; hence, foetuses born during this period are unable to survive. By 26 weeks, the terminal sacs are lined by squamous epithelial cells and scattered among them are round secretary epithelial cells, which secrete surfactant. Respiratory distress syndrome affects 2% live newborn infants, premature are more susceptible. Surfactant deficiency is the major cause of RDS. Sufficient alveolar sac and surfactant should be present to permit survival of a prematurely born infant. Keeping this in view, the present study was done to study the microstructure of lungs in different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, for a period of one year. The study was carried out in specimens, which was collected from adult cadavers obtained for routine dissection of undergraduate students and also from the Department of Forensic Medicine.

BACKGROUND The uterine cervix is one of the common site of pathology in female worldwide and especially in the developing countries. The study was undertaken in Gauhati Medical College with the view to see the age-related changes in the histological structure of the cervix. METHODS The specimens were divided into three groups, viz. pre-reproductive, reproductive and postmenopausal. Twenty specimens were collected of each group. The results were statistically analysed and 't' test were employed to find out the significant difference between the mean values. RESULT Histological structure of the cervix of each group viz. pre-reproductive, reproductive and postmenopausal was observed. The wall of the cervix contains three layers, namely inner mucosal, middle muscular and outer serosal layers. The mucosal thickness was measured and statistically analysed. CONCLUSION A study was done to find the histological structure of each group viz. pre-reproductive, reproductive and postmenopausal as the cervix is a common site of malignancy and other pathologies. The study was done with the view to help in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cervix.