Botox has been primarily used in cosmetic treatment for lines and wrinkles on the face, but the botulinum toxin that Botox is derived from has a long history of medically therapeutic uses. For nearly 13 years, until the introduction of Botox Cosmetic in 2002, the only FDAapproved uses of Botox were for crossed eyes (strabismus) and abnormal muscle spasms of the eyelids (blepharospasm). Since then botulinum A, and the seven other forms of the botulinum toxin, have been continuously researched and tested. Botox is a neurotoxin derived from bacterium clostridium botulinm. The toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACH), a neurotransmitter responsible for the activation of muscle contraction and glandular secretion, and its administration results in reduction of tone in the injected muscle. The use of Botox is a minimally invasive procedure and is showing quite promising results in management of muscle-generated dental diseases like Temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, clenching, masseter hypertrophy and used to treat functional or esthetic dental conditions like deep nasolabial folds, radial lip lines, high lip line and black triangles between teeth.Pranav Nayyar et al., BOTOX : Broadening the Horizon of Dentistry www.jcdr.net

Objective: The aim of this study is to prepare and obturate the curved canals of the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar with four different file systems that is protaper hand files, rotary pro taper (RP) files, heroshaper hand files, and rotary hero shapers files and to evaluate the adaptation of their single-cone Gutta-percha by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Eighty teeth were selected and were divided into two groups (G1A1, G1A2 and G2A1, G2A2 as hand and RP file system, G1A3, G1A4 and G2A3, G2A4 as hand and rotary hero shaper files system) of fourth teeth each. After access opening working length of the mesiobuccal canal was established. The distobuccal and palatal roots of the samples were removed using the diamond disc at the furcation level. “Endoanalyser” software was used to measure Schneider's angle on the preoperative radiograph. This angle was measured by drawing two lines-one parallel to the long axis of the canal, in the coronal third, and the second line from the apical foramen to intersect the point where the first line left the long axis of the canal. The canals of each group were then prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions for protaper hand files, RP files, heroshaper hand files, and rotary hero shapers files systems. Direct digital radiography image of all the samples was obtained. And then, the samples were exposed to CBCT to evaluate their single-cone adaptations. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20, IBM, Armonk, NY, United States of America. Results: The null hypothesis that there will not be any gap area in the adaptation of their single-cone of different file system was rejected. Minimal gap area was seen in rotary hero shapers file system (0.001 mm 2 ) and was maximum in hand protaper (HP) file system (0.015 mm 2 ). Conclusion: CBCT is a useful tool in detecting the gap area after obturation in curved canals. The HP single-cone adaptation showed the maximum gap area and rotary heroshaper single-cone adaptation showed the minimum gap area.

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There are cases in the endodontic treatment which are a real challenge. There are teeth with different anatomies of the root canals of different teeth and their treatment. There are most of the cases which are sevely carious and has lost more than 50% of the tooth structure. Patients usually lose their teeth because these problems. The aim of this study is to investigate several cases with different root canal anatomies like in open apex with blunderbuss canals in maxillary central incisors or mandibular premolar and molars with severly decayed crown tooth structures and their management. one case with severly decayed lower mandibular premolar i.e 45, one case of maxillary first molar with severly decayed crown structure i.e 16, a case of severly decayed mandibular first molar i.e 36, Three Cases of maxillary central incisors with immature open apex and blunderbuss canals w.r.t 21. Results are observed after several years. In performing a root canal treatment on such teeth, one should appreciate the complexity of the root canal system, canal obliteration and configuration, and the potential for regenerating the original anatomy of the tooth either Endodontic or Post Endodontic. Knowledge of the phenomenon of the complexity of the root canal system, canal obliteration and configuration, and the potential for regenerating tooth anatomies with the help of rebond fibres, MTA and Composite restorations, this will improve the medical practice of the general dental practitioner.