Introduction. Adenomyosis has a significantly negative impact on women’s quality of life, causing abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and chronic pelvic pain and low quality of life. There are no single theory of pathogenesis, unique prognosis and diagnostic markers for adenomyosis. The definitive treatment for adenomyosis is hysterectomy but is not appropriate for patients who wish to preserve their fertility. In this article presents data about etiology, classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and surgical techniques for the treatment of adenomyosis published in medical–scientific databases.Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and Russian articles published in the Pubmed journals on this topic.Results. There are a lot of surgical approaches for adenomyosis; however, there is no any universal approach and management guideline for these patients.Conclusion. Adenomyosis – if multifactorial disease. There is no single pathogenesis theory. The clinical picture of adenomyosis varies from asymptomatic to severe pain. The management of adenomyosis is complex and should guide personally for each patient. All techniques and options should be considered and discussed with the patient.

Background. The frequency of adenomyosis varies from 10 to 61%. Currently used methods of surgical treatment of adenomyosis are discussable. A hysterectomy it is not appropriate for women who wish to realize reproductive function or spare the uterus. Now it is very important to perform uterus-sparing surgery for treatment diffuse adenomyosis with severe manifestation of symptoms. Adenomyomecomy with hysteroplasty is modern method of surgical treatment for repair uterus anatomy and functions. Aim. To demonstrate methods of uterus-sparing surgical treatment in diffuse adenomyosis (stages III and IV). Materials and methods. In Surgical Department of Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology since January 2019 till June 2021 we performed 30 uterus-sparing adenomyomectomies with hysteroplasty in women with diffuse adenomyosis (stages III and IV). Results. There are some advantages of adenomyomectomies with hysteroplasty: it is possible to perform this method laparoscopically assisted; also special performing double-flaps recovery of myometrium (like a “frock coat”) allow to avoid uterine scar defects and uterine rapture during pregnancy. Conclusion. One of options of uterus-sparing surgical treatment for women with diffuse adenomyosis who wish to save their uterus and realize reproductive function is adenomyomectomy with hysteroplasty. Women who underwent this method notes pain relief and normalization of menstrual function and improvement life quality.

Female urethral diverticulum is a fairly rare pathology, the frequency of which ranges from 0.02 to 6.00% of women worldwide. The stones inside urethra diverticulum even more rare. The most common reasons of urethral diverticula are frequent bladder catheterizations, labour trauma, infections. Clinically is may present with the dysuria, dyspareunia, dribble, urinary incontinence, vaginal discomfort. Voiding cystourethrography and cystourethroscopy are the most accurate methods of diagnosis for urethral diverticula. The presented article describes the clinical case in women with urethral diverticulum who complained on the vaginal discomfort, dyspareunia and presentation of the brown stones in vagina and underwent surgical excision of diverticulum with urethral reconstruction.

Introduction. Adenomyosis remains one of the significant challenges in modern gynecology and affects a large number of women of reproductive age. The clinical presentation of adenomyosis is variable, with severity of symptoms depending on the form of the disease. In case of the occurrence of severe pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, the disease disrupts social functions and leads to a decrease in the patient’s quality of life.Aim. To study clinical and anamnestic features and patient’s quality of life with diffuse and nodular forms of adenomyosis.Materials and methods. The study included 126 patients with various forms of adenomyosis (45 patients with nodular adenomyosis (NAM), 81 with stage III – IV DAM). The control group included 20 patients with tubo-peritoneal factor of infertility, without adenomyosis based on the ultrasound and hysteroscopy findings. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including general clinical, instrumental and laboratory tests. The study included a comparative analysis of the obtained data and determination of the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of the patients with stage III – IV DAM as compared with the patients with NAM. We also studied the quality of life of patients with NAM and DAM on the basis of a specialized questionnaire on the study of the quality of life of patients with endometriosis – Endometriosis Health Profile, ENR-5+6. Statistical analysis and data processing were conducted using Microsoft Excel (version 16), Statistica 10.0, StatPlus 7.3, GraphPad Prism 9 software. Data processing was performed in accordance with the guidelines for medical and biological research.Results and discussion. As compared with patients with nodular adenomyosis, the patients with stage III-IV diffuse adenomyosis are characterized by an older age (42.1 (4.6) and 34.6 (6.2) years, respectively; p <0.001), have a high prevalence of somatic (96 and 77%, respectively; p < 0.05) and gynecological pathology (79 and 51%, respectively; p < 0.001) in past medical history, a higher frequency of intrauterine manipulations (hysteroscopy, separate diagnostic curettage) (73 and 42%, respectively; p < 0.001) and medical abortions (52 and 28%, respectively, p < 0.001). Complaints of heavy menstruation, bloody vaginal discharge between periods, and intestinal symptoms had a special place among the complaints of such patients. Moderate to severe anemia, as a consequence of heavy menstrual bleeding, was also a frequent concomitant pathology.Conclusions. Stage III-IV DAM is characterized by a more severe course and marked symptoms as compared with NAM, and significantly affects the patient’s quality of life.