No abstract

Brazil nuts are an important source of income for many Amazon people. Consequently, the aim of this study was to characterize the production chain for brazil-nuts at an Extractive Reserve named Ipaú-Anilzinho, in the context of the economic and market aspects. Data collection occurred via site visits and semistructured interviews, using questionnaires with 14 informants all occupying key positions the within-RESEX production chain, using the Rapid Rural Diagnosis (RRD) technique. Selection of key informants followed the Snowball non-probabilistic sampling method. Chain characterization used Filière Analysis of main chain links were identified and described and costs and generated revenue estimated for the different levels of activity, as was marginal values and commercialization markup. Results demonstrated that brazil-nut extractivism occurs in a traditional way, based on the family-based labour force, and is done by people with low level of educational and average age of over 50 years. Labour costs were the main part of the total activity costs. The retailer was found to be the biggest profit earner in relation to the price paid by the consumer, and so effectively set the price of the product. Among the obstacles found, the low price received by producers and middlemen in the community is notable, since it accrues low levels of benefit and low aggregation values, resulting in a decrease in the commercialization margin and in the income of families in the community.

ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF A AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BREU BRANCO, PARÁ STATE, BRAZILVIABILIDAD ECONÓMICA DE UN SISTEMA AGROFORESTAL EN EL MUNICIPIO DE BREU BRANCO, ESTADO DE PARÁ, BRASILOs Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAF) surgiram como alternativas contrarias à degradação do meio ambiente, possibilitando a convivência harmônica entre a agricultura e espécies florestais, traduzindo-se em sistemas sustentáveis de produção. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a viabilidade econômica de um sistema agroflorestal, no município de Breu Branco, no estado do Pará. O desempenho econômico foi mensurado por meio da técnica de fluxo de caixa e dos seguintes indicadores de rentabilidade: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL); Relação Benefício-custo (RBC); e Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). A mão de obra apresentou maior participação na composição dos custos de implantação e produção do sistema, devido, principalmente, à intensidade e aos custos elevados dos tratos culturais do cacau. Os valores aferidos pelos indicadores propostos demonstraram que o referido SAF se mostrou economicamente viável ao longo do período de análise, revelando-se, dessa maneira, um empreendimento atraente e compensatório.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; Essências Florestais; Rentabilidade; SAF.ABSTRACTAgroforestry systems (AFS) emerged as contrary alternative to environmental degradation generating peaceful coexistence between forest species and agriculture, translating into sustainable systems of production. Hence, the objective of this work is to study the economic viability of agroforestry system in the municipality of Breu Branco, Pará State. The economic performance was measured through cash flow technique and the following profitability indicators: Net Present Value (NPV); Cost-benefit Relation (C/B); and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The work force had the biggest share in the composition of implantation and maintenance costs, due to the costly cultural treatments of cocoa trees showing to be a attractive and compensatory alternative.Keywords: Amazon; Forest Essences; Profitability; AFS.RESUMENLos sistemas agroforestales surgieron como alternativas contrarias a la degradación del medio ambiente, posibilitando la convivencia armónica entre la agricultura y las actividades forestales, traduciéndose en sistemas de producción sostenible. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es de analizar la Viabilidad económica de un sistema agroforestal en el municipio paraense de Breu Branco. El desempeño económico haya sido valorado por la técnica de flujo de caja y de los criterios siguientes: Valor Actual Neto (VAN); Relación de Roste-Beneficio (RBC); y Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR). La mano de obra presentó mayor peso en la composición de los costos de implantación y mantenimiento del sistema, debido principalmente la intensidad y los costes sustanciales de los cuidados culturales del cacau. Los valores de los indicadores propuestos sugieren que el dicho sistema constituye una opción económicamente viable a lo largo de un periodo que se define en 20 años, ha demostrado ser un emprendimiento financieramente atractivo y satisfactorio.Palabras clave: Amazonía; Esencias Forestales; Rentabilidad, SAF.