Introduction. The scale and destructive consequences of the unlawful impact on cyberspace is a key problem of modern geopolitics, and cyber reliability is recognized as one of the most important security priorities by the subjects of international relations.Problem Statement. Monitoring of cyber incidents and anomalies in information and communication systems and prompt response to risks determined by cyber threats require the development of a system of indicators and criteria for cybersecurity assessment.Purpose. Summarize the international experience of assessing the cybersecurity, to position countries by their level of development in the global space, to identify strengths and weaknesses in cybersecurity management, and to ensure effective protection of cyberspace at the national level.Materials and Methods. Used the component indices of the international rankings characterizing the potential of the digital economy (ICT IDI, NRI, EGDI) and the participation of countries in the field of cybersecurity(GCI and NCSI).Results. It has been argued that cybersecurity ratings play the role of a kind of identifier of the relative advantages and vulnerabilities of the national cyber strategies, and indicate the need for their review in order tostrengthen protection against cyber-attacks and improve the cyber risk management system. In countries with a high level of economic development, which is largely based on the contribution of IT technologies to the national production, the cybersecurity potential is significantly higher, regardless of geolocation. The discovered correlation between GCI, information society development indices (IDI, NRI, EGDI) and GDPper capita confirms that the digital transformation of the economy and society acts as a key driver of economicdevelopment if the information- and cyber-security are assured only. The best practices are highlighted, andcritically weak segments of the national cybersecurity are identified.Conclusions. Using the NCSI indicators, the preparedness of Georgia and Ukraine to prevent the implementation of fundamental cyber threats and to manage cyber incidents and large-scale cyber crises is assessed.
Єріна А. М. Статистичні профілі мілітаризації глобального простору Посилення воєнної напруги, зміна систем озброєнь, форм і способів протиборства підживлюють зростання попиту на озброєння та нарощення військових витрат практично в усіх регіонах світу. Без усвідомлення реального рівня військової могутності країн, динаміки їх змін і напрямів подальшого розвитку неможливо вибудувати досконалу систему забезпечення національної безпеки, конкретизувати ймовірні військово-політичні загрози, розробити інструменти протидії цим загрозам і сценарії їх нейтралізації. Мета статті-висвітлити сучасні закономірності перебігу процесів мілітаризації на глобальному рівні, виявити регіональні та національні особливості мілітаризації, здійснити компаративний аналіз військової могутності та боєздатності армій геополітичних гравців. Спираючись на бази даних міжнародних аналітичних центрів, які в той чи іншій спосіб пов'язані із системами безпеки й оборони (SIPRI, BICC, IISS та ін.), у статті висвітлено глобальні тенденції та регіональні особливості нарощення оборонних бюджетів як детермінанти військової могутності країн і боєздатності їхніх армій. Вимірювання та міжнародні порівняння багатоаспектних процесів мілітаризації ґрунтуються на індикаторах міжнародних рейтингових систем: військової могутності країн і боєздатності армій-на основі Global Firepower (GFP), мілітарного навантаження на економіку та суспільство в цілому-на основі Global Militarization Index (GMI). Розглядаються також методологічні аспекти формування названих міжнародних рейтингів, наводяться результати позиціонування в рейтингах топових країн та України, яка вже п'ять років потерпає від російської гібридної агресії.
The basic principles and methodological foundations for measuring the readiness and ability of the national institutions to provide citizens and businesses with access to public services online are considered. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the study of the implementation of e-government tools in UN member states (UN E-Government Survey), current trends and transformations of the e-government model, the digital divide and digital barriers to further progress in the development of the digital economy and e-democracy are analyzed. The methodological basis of the study applied are techniques and methods of complex comparative analysis and logical generalization and the information base is formed by the results of the UN E-Government Survey and World Bank Governance Surveys.
Water is a core component of the nature environment. The problem of good quality water supply to the humans has been aggravating because the available resources of fresh water in some regions of the planet proved to be insufficient for satisfying all the consumer needs. Lack of fresh water has been a structural factor affecting the global economic development, with drinking water acquiring the characteristics of a strategic commodity. These circumstances raise the importance of solutions on saving fresh water resources and ways of their rational use from the local level to the global one. The article contains a description of the current situation with water supply and water consumption in Ukraine. As regards water supply, Ukraine, according to the hydrological classification, is undergoing water stress, in parallel with extra water consumption and high water intensity in the domestic production sector. The subject of the study is water intensity of the gross domestic product, its main factors and ways of reduction. The object of the study is seven Ukrainian regions across which the river Dnieper flows, and the city of Kyiv. A significant variation of water intensity is observed in administrative and territorial units located in the Dnieper basin, which is caused by the varying industrial capacities, varying systems of technical water supply at industrial enterprises, and varying scopes of fresh water use in water supply for agricultural and utility needs, lack of advanced systems for water supply in some of the regions, which causes large losses of water and high water intensity in some production facilities. The impact from the above mentioned factors on the regional water intensity is assessed by the regression model on panel data. The specific conditions of the business operation in some regions of the Dnieper basin are represented in the model by dummy variables. By the model of water intensity of GDP, the largest one is the impact from industrial specialization of a region (especially Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv and Kherson regions), the existence of water recycling systems at industrial enterprises, scopes of water drainage and capacities of sewage treatment plants. Effective use, rehabilitation and protection of water resources, improvement of water quality, and reduction of water intensity in the production facilities through taking technological and economic measures in water consumption are considered as important factors of the national security.
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