A new method is presented to prepare anatomical slides of plant materials including a combination of soft and hard tissues, such as stems with cambial variants, arboreal monocotyledons, and tree bark. The method integrates previous techniques aimed at softening the samples and making them thereby more homogeneous, with the use of anti-tearing polystyrene foam solution. In addition, we suggest two other alternatives to protect the sections from tearing: adhesive tape and/or Mayer’s albumin adhesive, both combined with the polystyrene foam solution. This solution is cheap and easy to make by dissolving any packaging polystyrene in butyl acetate. It is applied before each section is cut on a sliding microtome and ensures that all the tissues in the section will hold together. This novel microtechnical procedure will facilitate the study of heterogeneous plant portions, as shown in some illustrated examples.

Premise Polishing entire stem and root samples is an effective method for studying their anatomy; however, polishing fresh samples to preserve woods with soft tissues or barks is challenging given that soft tissues shrink when dried. We propose sanding fresh or liquid‐preserved samples under water as an alternative, given that it preserves all tissues in an intact and clear state. Methods and Results By manually grinding the surface of the samples under water using three ascending grits of waterproof sandpapers, an excellent polished sanded surface is obtained. The wood swarf goes into the water without clogging the cell lumina, rendering the surfaces adequate for cell visualization and description. We show results in palms, liana stems, roots, and wood blocks. Conclusions Using this simple, inexpensive, rapid technique, it is possible to polish either fresh, dry, or liquid‐preserved woody plant samples, preserving the integrity of both the soft and hard tissues and allowing for detailed observations of the stems and roots.

Good anatomical sections can only be obtained with a perfectly sharp knife. Permanent steel microtome knives are present in numerous plant anatomy labs and they yield excellent results, with the only caveat that they need to be re-sharpened after use. Automatic knife sharpeners have been especially designed for this purpose, but they require abrasives in their use, which may be expensive and hard to obtain. Here we describe and illustrate in detail an inexpensive, fast, widely accessible technique to sharpen permanent microtome knives using different sandpaper grits. Knives sharpened with this technique have already been in use for over a decade and are suitable for all types of botanical specimens both embedded and unembedded.