ParticiPat es un proyecto de investigación del Plan Nacional que tiene como objetivo analizar la participación y sus instrumentalizaciones en nueve estudios de caso sobre procesos de patrimonialización. A la hora de abordar el proyecto, quisimos cuestionar las jerarquías y lógicas raramente colaborativas que rodean la producción de conocimiento en la antropología. Para ello decidimos seguir los principios de la investigación acción participativa (IAP) para elaborar conjuntamente una guía de campo de mínimos que facilitara la comparabilidad de los casos de estudio. A través de la descripción de este proceso participativo reflexionamos sobre la estructuración de los proyectos de investigación, entendiendo que su arquitectura inicial condiciona la reproducción de lógicas de poder y autoridad entre las personas investigadoras. Asumimos así el reto de investigar sobre participación desde un meta diseño de investigación participativo que nos permite visibilizar algunos presupuestos ideológicos dentro de la práctica académica.
The growing presence of community or allotment gardens seeks to respond to the challenges of today’s urban societies in terms of sustainability. The food dimension of this phenomenon is one of its most important aspects, with clear repercussions on improving the quality of life of the allotment gardeners and their families. Through observation and qualitative analysis of some community urban gardens in southern Spain (Andalusia), this paper notes that the people who cultivate allotments within these community gardens attribute a wide variety of different meanings to their practices. One essential contribution of this research is the finding that this plurality of meanings moves beyond the rational-technical dimension of the act of growing, while at the same time redefining the act of consuming organic food, because of its connection with productive and social activities.
Although family-run micro and small businesses largely form the crux of the locally based tourism sector, either as part of a community organization or as independent units of private enterprise, in El Castillo (Nicaragua) can be found an example of how, even in the absence of a community organization to provide a structural framework, the development of local tourism has sustained practically all businesses set up and run by households, organized largely through family relationships. This structure is pivotal in stoking resilience, not only with regard to private businesses, but also to the system of tourism (specific) and, by extension, to the whole of local society and the surrounding socio-ecosystem, or socio-ecological system (SES) (general). The case study presented here, developed on the basis of long-term ethnographic fieldwork, highlights the role of the family structure within Locally-Based Tourism (LBT) in general and also in specific cases, such as the one studied here, in which it takes on a particularly central role. The confirmation of the importance of families and family relationships as key elements in the robust development of tourism in El Castillo, and of the specific characteristics that its local society presents for this, must be taken into account in order to support Community-Based Tourism projects by institutions and organizations interested in promoting sustainable local development. Indeed, once further case studies are conducted, with a view to providing comparative evidence of these findings, it might even be proven advantageous to create a distinctive subcategory within LBT: Family-Based Tourism.
Planteamos una reflexión sobre las distintas concepciones y gestiones públicas del patrimonio cultural existentes, a partir de dos casos en los que las expresiones culturales contenidas en muros de bienes catalagodos objeto de restauración –la “pintada” de la charca de Pegalajar y los vítores del antiguo seminario concilliar de Baeza– han tenido un tratamiento y conceptualización antagónicos.
La ficción se ha usado como herramienta de escritura experimental etnográfica de forma asidua desde la crisis de representación en antropología a partir de la década de 1980. En este artículo se analiza un aspecto menos tratado de la ficción etnográfica: las posibilidades que ofrece para pensar, desde otro ángulo, el problema del anonimato de las fuentes y la responsabilidad ética hacia las personas sobre las que se escribe. En concreto, se plantea un relato de ficción, "Las memorias de Agripina", para tratar el tema del empleo de procesos participativos en la gestión patrimonial. Agripina relata en primera persona un variado repertorio de experiencias dentro del ámbito patrimonial. A través de este relato, el artículo plantea el género de la "ficto-crítica" como un dispositivo metodológico, teórico y político que cuestiona y reflexiona sobre la realidad patrimonial y social. Palabras claves: ficción, trabajo de campo etnográfico, patrimonio, régimen patrimonial, participación.
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