Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura na cultura da mamona (Ricinus communis L.), em Campo Grande, MS. As doses de N foram 0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha -1 . A semeadura foi realizada em 27 de janeiro de 2006. O espaçamento entre linhas utilizado foi de 0,9 m e 0,45 m entre plantas. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: altura e diâmetro de caule das plantas, número de cachos e de frutos por planta, matéria seca, produtividade e teor de óleo. A utilização de 80 kg ha -1 de N em cobertura aumentou a produtividade sem alterar o teor de óleo das sementes.Termos para indexação: Ricinus communis, adubação de cobertura, produtividade, teor de óleo, Neossolo. Nitrogen sidedressing fertilization on castor plant in no tillage systemAbstract -The development of castor plants (Ricinus communis L.) under nitrogen sidedressing fertilization was evaluated in a randomized block design, constituted by different level of nitrogen sidedressing fertilization (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha -1 ). The sowing was performed on January 27, 2006, comprising three lines of 4 m every plot. The spaces were 0.9 m between lines and 0.45 m between plants. Height and diameter plants, dry matter, yield and oil content were evaluated. The 80 kg ha -1 nitrogen sidedressing fertilization increases the yield and did not alter seed oil content.

RESUMO Escolhas no manejo cultural, como a do cultivar e a do sistema de colheita, podem influenciar os índices dos parâmetros de qualidade da fibra do algodão. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar as características das fibras de dois cultivares de algodão submetidos a diferentes sistemas mecanizados de colheita (picker e stripper). O experimento foi conduzido na safra de 2012, com espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas, no município de Juscimeira, MT. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com dois fatores, sendo eles, A, nas parcelas (dois cultivares) e B, nas subparcelas (três sistemas de colheita - manual, picker e stripper), com cinco repetições. A qualidade da fibra foi determinada em amostras coletadas manualmente da planta e, após a colheita mecanizada, retiradas de dentro do cesto armazenador de cada colhedora. As análises das características das fibras foram realizadas em Laboratório de Classificação de Fibras, com o aparelho HVI (High Volume Instrument). As fibras do algodão colhido com o sistema manual, em seguida, sistema picker apresentam melhores características e melhor qualidade que as das fibras colhidas com stripper.

Buchenavia tomentosa produces fruits with ecological function for Cerrado’s fauna. The aims of this paper were to quantify seed germination and behavior on thermal conditions and explain about water absorption of dispersal structure in B. tomentosa seeds. Ripe fruits were pulped, the endocarp removed, and seeds used in the germination tests at temperatures of 10 to 45 °C. Seeds were placed in rolls of filter paper and then placed in germination chambers, at twelve hours of photoperiod. Germination models at sub and supra optimal temperatures were made from the germination rate (Tg), from the time to germination of 50% of the seeds (t50). Germination speed index (GSI), measurements of shoot and root lengths and dry mass at each temperature were obtained. The water imbibition curve of seed with or without endocarp adhered and scarified or not was made and other samples were tested for emergence in sand. Cardinal temperatures were: base temperature (Tb) of 9.23 °C; maximum temperature (Tmax) of 44.6 °C; optimum temperature (To) of 29.24 °C and thermal time of 89.71 °C.days. Seedlings showed higher GSI, root and aerial part length and higher root dry mass at the optimal temperature. The endocarp retards, but does not prevent water absorption and emergence.

Estimates for the 2018/2019 grain crop indicate production in the order of 238.5 million tons, an increase of 4.7% compared to the 2017/2018 harvest. This production, although satisfactory, could still be greater, were it not for the problems faced with the logistics of grain disposal where billions are lost due to the limited investment in infrastructure. The objective of this work is to establish a percentage loss index, as well as to assess these quantitative losses during bulk grain transportation of corn. The research was developed through a partnership between the National Supply Company (CONAB) and the NTA (Nucleus of Storage Technology), at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. It was established the evaluation of losses related to grain transportation in the main waterways, being bulk corn in BR 163/364 in the State of Mato Grosso. After the choice of the highways evaluated, we carried out research on the data of romaneios in the transportation of corn in bulk. The obtained data, through the romaneios, provided weight of origin, weight of destination, place of origin and place of destination, in this way, by difference was obtained the quantity of grains lost in the transport and the mileage traveled in each route. By means of these data it was possible to obtain three indices of losses, one in Kg/Km (kilogram per kilometer wheeled), another one in Kg/t (kilograms per tons transported), and also determined an index of loss in percentage of grains transported. With the indication of the indices it was possible to evaluate the losses. The Bitrem truck (7 axles) was used as the basis for calculating the losses, since during the interviews this was the type that had the most occurrences in BRs evaluated, with 39%. Based on the questionnaire, the load weight of 38,000 kg was therefore adopted. For the study of corn grain losses in road transport, 39,642 data were analyzed for routs, with 24,902,808.50 km rotated, mean of 628,19 km away by route. The amount of corn grain transported was 1,852,437,042 kg. The total losses were 1,808,951 kg, averaging 45.63 kg of loss per trip. The loss per km was on average of 0.072 kg. Transport of corn grains between Nova Ubiratã and Rondonópolis presented the highest frequency of trips (8629 trips), however the losses were 37,710 kg of grains or approximately 628 bags of corn (60 Kg). The index of percentage loss for maize (0.1025%). This percentage is lower than the adopted one that is of 0.25%, nevertheless, represent considerable losses for the economy. Based on the data obtained in the present study, it can be stated that it is possible to adopt percentage loss rates of less than 0.25% in contracts. It is recommended to adopt the percentage rates of grain loss in road transport of 0.10% for maize.

ABSTRACT:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators and shading on seed germination of macadamia nut trees. The experiment was conducted in a seedling production nursery of the company "QueenNut Macadâmia" located in the "Palmeiras" Farm, Dois Córregos, São Paulo (SP) state, Brazil. The Treatments were T1: water (control) under a shading screen, T2:under a shading screen, T3: Promalin ® at 400 mL L -1 under a shading screen, T4: gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) + kinetin (Kt) + 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) -Stimulate ® at 5 mL kg -1 seeds under a shading screen, T5: Stimulate ® at 10 mL kg -1 of seeds under a shading screen, and T6: water (control) under no shading screen. Seeds were soaked in the solutions or in water containing plant growth regulators for 24 hours. Then, they were dried and sown in sand. 450 seeds were used for each treatment. The evaluations began from seedling emergence by counting the total number of seedlings per treatment. (72.6%) Sombrite ® and water (control) without Sombrite ® (71.5%).