The existence of Higher Education has a huge role in nation and state’s life through tri dharma of Higher Education named education, research and community service. Higher Education can produce economic innovations based on knowledge so that, it will increase productivity and nation competitiveness. Higher Education must have strategies that will be carried out, therefore they are able to compete with other higher education according to stakeholder needs. The purposes of this research are to analyze 2 (two) models of information technology relations in the higher education competitiveness development strategy determining the most dominant criteria according to the higher education development direction (Relevance, Academic Atmosphere, Internal Management, Sustainability, Efficiency and Productivity, Access and Equit and Leadership). The method of this reserach is AHP method in wich the data are collected through questionnaires to respondents in collage. The criteria of this research are internal management & organization, academic atmosphere and university competitive sustainability. The results of this research are the information technology relations model with internal management, and the relation model between internal management and efficiency & productivities, and also the most dominant criteria in the higher education competitiveness development strategy are the criteria of Academic Atmosphere, Efficiency and Productivity.

This research study examines the characteristics of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) volatility of stock indexes. The following models are used in this research: Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH), Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH), Fractionally Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (FIGARCH), Glosten Jaganathan Runkle Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GJR-GARCH), and Multifractal Model of Asset Return (MMAR). The research also used the data from the ASEAN country members’ (the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand) stock indexes for the period from January 2002 until 31 January 2016 to determine the suitable model.Meanwhile, the results of the MMAR parameter showed that the returns of the countries have a characteristic called long-term memory. The authors found that the scaling exponents are associated with the characteristics of the specific markets including the ASEAN member countries and can be used to differentiate markets in their stage of development. Finally, the simulated data are compared with the original data by scaling function where most of the stock markets of the selected ASEAN countries have long-term memory with the scaling behavior of information asymmetry. Some of the countries such as the Philippines and Indonesia have their own alternative models using GARCH and EGARCH due to the possibility of leverage. Generally, MMAR is the best model for use in ASEAN market, because this model considered Hurst exponent as a parameter of long-term memory that indicates persistent behavior.

ABSTRACT. The development in economics sector functionally has a strategic position rule in facing the globalization competition challenges because that rule is going to give the work chance and effort in any kind of sectors such as agriculture, forest and plantation, wheel and energy, industry and trade, tourism, transportation and telecommunication, and any others. One of economy resources which have high contribution and also be a priority in global challenges is tourism. Tourism sector is a development sector in economy especially non gasoline and oil which is expected giving big enough contribution toward country economy if it is done optimally (Ramaini,1992 : 99). The purpose of this research is to serve the concept and first research model in order to increase the societies' perception in introducing variable, knowledge and societies' interest toward tourism in Bandar Lampung and finally to increase the government performance in tourism sectors. The method in this research used survey technique which focused on questionnaire distributing technique, interview and observation toward academic and profession societies and entrepreneur societies and all societies who live in Bandar Lampung city. The descriptive research result showed that first introducing level and knowledge about tourism was not good enough. Societies Interest and Societies perception variables about tourism sector are good enough. Based on the research result can be concluded that there was a negative significant influence of introducing level and it must be increased. While the dominant factor influenced significantly toward perception variable were knowledge, interest, moderator and others. Analysis test result of Kai quadrate showed that between entrepreneur group, experts, and societies was found the perception differences about tourism sector.

This study attempted to assess the application of quantitative approaches and hypothesis testing using 'Path Analysis' technique as an alternative approach to the performance of managerial leadership that can be used to achieve the goals in finding and determine the factors that influence and support the managerial performance. Analysis of the data that is used in this study consisted of descriptive analysis to look at the characteristics of the population that is netted in the study and path analysis. The sample of technique in this study is using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The number of samples that is used as the respondent in the unit of analysis of this study is 130 head of private universities around KOPERTIS (Private College Coordination) in southern Sumatra region II. The results of data analysis shows that (1) the Information Systems Strategy of a significant and positive impact on performance managerial, (2) empowerment of human resources directly affects on performance managerial, (3) governance directly affects managerial performance.

The problem of this study was to find the tool to measure Higher Education. There is no standard of measurement tools for excellent Higher Education. The status of an excellent Higher Education has not been an effective promotion for Higher Educations. Besides, it has not the indicators whether the excellent Higher Education or poor Higher Education. It is reflected by the cluster excellent Higher Education, fair Higher Education and poor Higher Education based on information systems. The purpose of this research was to build a model of Measurement Information System for Higher Education. Creating the status of an excellent Higher Education becomes a reference for investors in education; it guarantees sustainable service (sustainability). This research method was to explore several universities in Indonesia. This research technique selected 6 islands and 24 private Higher Education. The considerations were the best private universities in Indonesia. The method of this study designed an excellent Higher Education development model by compiling an institution business process model. It was realized by an academically. Furthermore, it was integrated by quality assurance system; validating instruments to several similar universities that had implemented a quality assurance system and the existence of a quality control group. The results of the research were the SI-PETIS model, and Implement the excellent Higher Education on Information System (SI-PETIS); issued the copyrights from the results of research and formulate the policy in a relevant environment, namely healthy Higher Educations. Moreover, this study built the SI-PETIS model.