Este trabalho analisou a variabilidade das temperaturas mínimas absolutas, associada ao desenvolvimento de sistemas atmosféricos na região Centro-Sul do Paraná. Foram selecionados os municípios de Guarapuava, Palmas e Irati para representar a área, tanto pela localização, quanto pela base de dados disponível. Foram avaliados dados de temperatura diária, cedidos pelo IAPAR (Instituto Agronômico do Paraná) e INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) e de imagens de satélite, cedidas pelo SIMEPAR (Instituto Tecnológico do Paraná), referentes aos invernos de 2004 a 2012. Os dados de temperatura foram tabulados no software Microsoft Office Excel® e as imagens de satélite analisadas por meio de vídeos produzidos no Windows Live TM MovieMaker®. Ocorre maior influência das massas de ar Polares (mPa e mPp), mas a Massa Tropical Continental atuou frequentemente no período analisado, atenuando o resfriamento superficial em vários dias. Palavras-chave: massas de ar, temperaturas negativas, climatologia geográfica.

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RESUMOA redução das áreas verdes urbanas e o consequente aumento das áreas construídas é um dos temas mais discutidos atualmente. Tanto a dinâmica do uso do solo urbano quanto de mudanças climáticas podem comprovar relações entre diversos usos e ocupações do solo e suas consequências para o microclima local. Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação da influência do uso da terra no clima urbano em uma cidade de pequeno porte. Foram selecionados 4 pontos abrangendo o perímetro urbano de Irati, no estado do Paraná, com diferentes ocupações, e obtidas variáveis de temperatura e umidade relativa com uso de higrômetros adaptados em abrigos termométricos em 4 horários distintos durante 4 dias. A utilização de imagens orbitais de alta resolução possibilitou o mapeamento do uso do solo urbano de áreas de abrangência num raio de 350 metros dos pontos pré-selecionados. Os resultados comprovaram, estatisticamente, que o uso e ocupação do solo interferem nas variáveis climáticas obtidas.Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, áreas verdes urbanas, ilhas de calor. Analysis of Land Use Influence in Urban Microclimate: Irati-PR Case ABSTRACTThe reduction of urban green areas and consequent increase of the built areas is one of the most widely discussed topics nowadays. Both the urban land use dynamics and the climate changes may prove relationships between different uses and land occupations and their consequences for the local microclimate. This paper presents an assessment of the land use influence in the urban climate in a small town. A total of 4 points covering the urban perimeter of Irati, Paraná, with different occupations were selected and temperature and humidity variables obtained with use of adapted hygrometers in thermometric shelter in 4 different times for 4 days. The use of high resolution satellite images enabled the mapping of urban land use in catchment areas within a radius of 350 meters of pre-selected points. The results statistically showed that the use and occupation of land interfere with the climate variables obtained.

Background COVID-19 has confirmed to be a pandemic with global and historical dimensions in the beginning of the 21st century. Climatic conditions are one of the environmental factors that influence communicable diseases, including viral diseases. Despite promising scientific advances into understanding the interaction between climate and COVID-19, a question remains: How can climate influence the pandemic of COVID-19? Methods It was updated the publications available on the climate and COVID-19 using Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed database from January 1 to May 20, 2020. Statistical analysis, such normality and multicollinearity tests were performed between number of COVID-19 cases and climato-meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, atmosphere pressure, wind speed, wind gust, rainfall, and solar radiation, nebulosity and insolation ratio) in six Brazilian cities. Results This review reveals that temperature, relative humidity and absolute humidity alone do not able to explain the exponential number of COVID-19 cases. Most studies showed the SARS-CoV-2 satisfactorily can survive in a large range of temperature and humidity in temperature and tropical- humidity climates. Analyzing other meteorological parameter, insolation ratio that is related to the solar radiation and nebulosity, the results and in accordance with other studies suggest the transmission and contagion by SARS-CoV-2 seem to have been enhanced under from medium to low direct solar radiation and covered skies. Conclusions This study showed that the inclusion of other climatic variables, in addition to temperature and humidity, should guide future ecological models on the relationship between climate and COVID-19, especially the insolation ratio influences on the viral transmission in six Brazilian cities. Our findings may support public policies and coordinated actions to reduce and control of COVID-19.

This study aimed to quantify the influence of anthropogenic activity in changing the microclimate of the urban area of a small town. To this end, the temperature and relative humidity were monitored over six days using a direct-reading thermo-hygrometers placed in mini weather stations. The points where these instruments were installed were spatialized in geographic information system environment using Quickbird satellite imagery. It was defined areas of influence with 450 m radius from each sampling point, which were vectorized and classified according to urban land use. Analysis of Variance indicated a statistically significant difference in temperature and relative humidity between sites under different human activity levels. Later a linear correlation between the temperature and relative humidity with the anthropogenic levels, evidenced that anthropic areas are closely related to local climatic variation. The interference of green areas works inversely, increasing the definition of microclimate throughout the day. The effects of land use on the microclimate are cumulative, i.e, at the end of the day the correlation of the microclimate with land use reached a maximum.