Limiting the freedom of judges in expressing legal logics in each particular case will only hinder the process of seeking true values of justice. This freedom does not mean being free without being accompanied by legal responsibilities. the philosophical aspect of the principle of freedom of judges, and the ideal model for the application of the principle of freedom of judges in Indonesia in the minimum rules straf system, is the subject that will be discussed in this article. The normative research method used in this article uses a statutory, historical and conceptual approach and uses primary and secondary legal materials that are presented descriptively. The conclusion obtained confirms that the aspect of judges' freedom philosophically in principle begins with the application of the division of powers namely, legislative, executive and judicial which is the philosophical basis that the judicial branch of power is an independent branch of power and judges have the freedom to make interpretations, legal findings based on the conscience and conviction of the judge. As for the straf minimum rules case, the ideal model for implementing the principle of judge freedom can be realized through the theory of balance, namely that judges in deciding cases are not based on the context of laws and regulations and must consider aspects of the judge's belief even though the decision is contrary to the law, but as long as it is related to the judge's belief, then it can be justified on the basis of the judge's freedom.

Through Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (National Criminal Code), customary law opportunities are open to existing through the prerequisites contained in the Explanation to Article 2 paragraph (1). For this reason, this study aims to determine the opportunities for the existence of Gorontalo customary law through the prerequisites contained in the Explanation of Article 2 paragraph (1) of the National Criminal Code. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and conceptual approach and uses primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The legal material is then analyzed qualitatively using grammatical, systematic, and historical interpretations. The results showed that Gorontalo customary law exists through the presence of several regional regulations, including (1) Gorontalo Provincial Regulation Number 2 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Customary Institutions; (2) Gorontalo Mayor Regulation Number 10 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of the Dulohupa Customary Institution of Gorontalo City; and (3) Regional Regulation of Bone Bolango Regency Number 8 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Customary Institutions. Furthermore, through regulations at the regional level, Gorontalo customary law is also present through concrete events such as the management of customary institutions carried out periodically. Based on this, the regulation of concrete norms related to acts prohibited under living law in regional regulations as required by the Explanation to Article 2 paragraph (1) of the National Criminal Code will have a very large opportunity.

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (selanjutnya ditulis BUMDes) merupakan elemen yang ada di desa yang dapat menjadi lokomotif perekonomian desa. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan adanya berbagai langkah diantaranya salah satunya adalah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Perguruan Tinggi dalam memberikan serta menghadirkan solusi permasalahan yang ada di desa. langkah yang dapat dilakukan oleh perguruan tinggi adalah dengan melakukan langkah preventif dan pengawasan, dimana langkah preventif dapat dilakukan dengan pemetaan permasalahan, penyuluhan dan pelatihan dalam mengatasi persoalan tersebut. Sementara itu, perihal pengawasan dapat melibatkan seluruh masyarakat yang ada didesa dengan sebelumnya telah mendapatkan penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang dimaksud. Merujuk pada persoalan tersebut, maka pemecahan masalah di atas melalui Program Pengabdian dengan menetapkan tema “Pengawasan Dan Pendampingan Dana Desa Dalam Mewujudkan Transparansi Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Saripi” dengan beberapa kegiatan yaitu; a. Penyusunan dan Penetapan Raod Map pengelolaan BUMDES, b. Penyuluhan Hukum, serta c. Dan Pelatihan dan pembentukan promosi pengelolaan BUMDES melalui media digital. Keseluruh program tersebut melibatkan seluruh unsur yang ada didesa, mulai dari pengelola BUMDES, pemerintah desa, hingga masyarakat desa dengan menghasilkan kajian berupa pengawasan masyarakat merupakan bentuk pengawasan partisipatif sebagai pemegang tertinggi kedaulatan rakyat serta pendampingan dalam pelaksanaan pengelolaan dana desa yang dapat dilakukan oleh Kejaksaan menjadi bentuk lain dalam mewujudkan transpransi pengelolaan dana desa termasuk pengalokasian dana untuk pengembangan BUMDes

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah mensosialisasikan secara tertulis tentang Musyawarah Lingkungan Hidup sebagai salah satu cara penyelesaian kerusakan lingkungan di Desa Tupa yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdian Fakultas Hukum Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Musyawarah Lingkungan Hidup merupakan strategi yang diatur dalam draf Peraturan Desa Tupa tentang Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup sebagai perwujudan dari hasil yang ingin dicapai dalam pengabdian, yaitu terbentuknya dokumen kebijakan pemerintah desa tentang bagaimana penyelesaian kerusakan lingkungan dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat Desa Tupa Kecamatan Bulango Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah (1) Pendampingan Rancang Bangun Strategi Penyelesaian Kerusakan Lingkungan Desa Tupa; (2) Penyuluhan, Sosialisasi dan Diseminasi Percepatan Strategi Penyelesaian Kerusakan Lingkungan dan Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat Desa Tupa; (3) Launching Pembentukan Kelompok Gerakan Masyarakat Sadar Hukum Desa Tupa. Dalam pelaksanaan Program Pengabdian  dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa meskipun telah terdapat beberapa peraturan baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah terkait pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dan pengelolaan hutan, namun peraturan tersebut belum dapat mengatasi kerusakan lingkungan di Desa Tupa. Selan itu, peran serta semua pihak terkait, khususnya masyarakat merupakan poin utama dalam penyelesaian kerusakan lingkungan. Terakhir, pembentukan Musyawarah Lingkungan Hidup sebagai wadah masyarakat Desa Tupa untuk melestarikan lingkungan hidup merupakan salah satu strategi yang dapat digunakan menyelesaikan permasalahan kerusakan lingkungan di Desa Tupa. The purpose of this writing is to socialize in writing about the Environmental Consultation as a way to resolve environmental damage in Tupa Village, which was carried out by the Community Service Team of the Faculty of Law, State University of Gorontalo. The Environmental Deliberation is a strategy regulated in the draft Tupa Village Regulation on Environmental Preservation as a manifestation of the results to be achieved in community service, namely the formation of a village government policy document on how to resolve environmental damage and raise the legal awareness of the people of Tupa Village, North Bulango District. The methods used in achieving these objectives are: (1) assistance in the design of environmental damage settlement strategies for Tupa Village; (2) Counseling, socialization, and dissemination of the acceleration of environmental damage settlement strategies and legal awareness of the Tupa Village community; (3) Launching of the Formation of the Tupa Village Law Aware Community Movement. In the implementation of the Community Service Program, it can be concluded that although there have been several regulations both at the central and regional levels related to environmental management and forest management, these regulations have not been able to overcome environmental damage in Tupa Village. In addition, the participation of all related parties, especially the community, is the main point in solving environmental damage. Finally, the formation of an environmental conference as a forum for the Tupa Village community to preserve the environment is one of the strategies that can be used to solve the problem of environmental damage in Tupa Village.