Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized, surface modified with an amino-terminated silane coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and maleic anhydride (MA), poly(MMA-co-MA), was synthesized by radical polymerization and transformed into magnetic nanocomposite (MNC) by chemical immobilization of APTMS-Fe 3 O 4 with the anhydride groups of poly(MMA-co-MA) chains. The MNC was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and used for the removal of metal ions from water. Various factors influencing adsorption capacity such as contact time, absorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration of ions were investigated. The adsorption kinetics showed a pseudo-second-order rate law, indicating chemical sorption as the ratelimiting step mechanism. Sorption of metal ions to MNC agreed well with the Langmuir adsorption model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 90. 09, 90.91, 109.89, and 111.11 mg g −1 for Co 2+ , Cr 3+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ , respectively.

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Adhesion to wet and dynamic surfaces is vital for many biomedical applications. However, the development of effective tissue adhesives has been challenged by the required combination of properties, which includes mechanical similarity to the native tissue, high adhesion to wet surfaces, hemostatic properties, biodegradability, high biocompatibility, and ease of use. In this study, we report a novel bioinspired design with bioionic liquid (BIL) conjugated polymers to engineer multifunctional highly sticky, biodegradable, biocompatible, and hemostatic adhesives. Choline-based BIL is a structural precursor of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane. We show that the conjugation of choline molecules to naturally derived polymers (i.e., gelatin) and synthetic polymers (i.e., polyethylene glycol) significantly increases their adhesive strength and hemostatic properties. Synthetic or natural polymers and BILs were mixed at room temperature and cross-linked via visible light photopolymerization to make hydrogels with tunable mechanical, physical, adhesive, and hemostatic properties. The hydrogel adhesive exhibits a close to 50% decrease in the total blood volume loss in tail cut and liver laceration rat animal models compared to the control. This technology platform for adhesives is expected to have further reaching application vistas from tissue repair to wound dressings and the attachment of flexible electronics.

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