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This study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared at 400 shrimp/m2 in 56 days of culture. The experimental design was set in an 800 m2 HDPE pond installed with nanobubble and non-nanobubble. Shrimp survival and total harvest in nanobubble treatment was increased to 92% and 2,255 kg, respectively. Economic parameters calculated in this study were Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), Break Even Point (BEP), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), and Sensitivity Analysis (SA). The total investment required to run this farming practice is IDR 182,887,700. Total revenue per cycle is estimated at IDR 157,850,000 with the selling price of IDR 70,000/kg of shrimp. The estimated PP is 4 cycles, with an NPV of IDR 172,329,247 projected in 10 cycles. IRR is estimated at 18% and BEP is reached after 7,058 kg production of shrimp. B/C Ratio is estimated to be 1.26 and SA showed that productivity is the most affecting parameters in the present analysis. Based on the economic study, vannamei shrimp farming associated with nanobubble system is feasible to be realized.

Waste oil palm plantations in the supply potential ruminant feed mainly during the dry season. One feed processing technologies that can be applied for preservation of waste oil palm plantations, a wafer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage time on physical and nutritional quality of forage complete wafer-based waste oil palm plantations. This study uses a completely randomized design with 2 factors. The first factor is the storage time and the type of feed. Namely 2,4,6 and 8 weeks, while the second factor the use of waste oil palm plantations 0, 25,50,755 and 100%. The parameters observed are the general characteristics of the wafer, the wafer physical quality (water content, water activity, density and water absorption), while the nutritional quality (PK, SK, BETN, NDF and ADF). The results showed the storage time significantly affect the physical and nutritional quality of forage complete wafer, while the use of waste oil palm plantations showed no significant differences. It was concluded that use of waste oil palm plantations can be used up to 75% in the raw material wafer forage penyusuna complete.Copy Right, IJAR, 2017,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-Oil palm plantations in Indonesia at this time began to grow rapidly and become one of the commodities that play a role in the revenue of the country, in addition to contributing considerable plantation waste such as palm fronds, leaves and palm kernel cake. Waste oil palm plantations in the supply potential ruminant feed mainly during the dry season (Rostini, 2017). Utilization of palm fronds as animal feed can be given directly or in the form after processing. But the direct administration of the palm frond is not recommended because it can reduce the productivity of livestock Purba et al. (1997). So that needs to be done processing beforehand.One feed processing technologies that can be applied for preservation of waste oil palm plantations, a wafer. The shape of the wafer is also easy in the handling and processing, and is expected to be more resistant in storage. Feed processing wafer form using midrib, leaves and palm kernel cake is expected to increase the amount of time that can be an alternative feed to be given to cattle in the dry season or drought (Rostini et al., 2016) Verma et al., (1996) states that the manufacture of wafers is one of the alternative forms of effective storage and is expected to maintain the balance of the availability of forage. The goal is to collect forage fodder in the rainy season and store for supplies during the dry season. Storage is an attempt to protect food from damage caused by many ISSN: 2320-5407Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(4), 1164-1170 1165 things, such as pests, microorganisms, rodents, insects, and damage to physiological or biochemical (Triyanto et al.,. 2013).Factors that affect the livestock feed material damage during storage among other physical factors such as temperature and relative humidity; biological factors such as mildew,...

The purpose of this research is to reveal the viability of the new strain : nilem carp padjadjaran strain that challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. The treatments are common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti) and nilem carp (O. hasselti) padjadjaran strain that intraperitoneally challenged by A. hydrophila with 108 cfu ml-1. Parameters observed are mortality hours, gross pathological symptoms and haematological profile for 24 hour. Nilem padjadjaran strain mortality reached 100% after 10th hour postchallenge, while common carp and nilem reached 100% mortality in 14th hour postchallenge. Gross pathological symptoms showed reddish lesions, abdominal dropsy and exopthalmia, with first sign of reddish lesions is appeared in nilem padjadjaran strain at 3rd hour postchallenge. Feed responses of all fish are lost in 7th hour postchallenge. Nilem padjadjaran strain has no shock responses in 9th hour postchallenge. Total erythrocyte counts of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 2,15 x 106, 2,45 x 106 dan 2,14 x 106 cells mm3-1, after 10th  hour postchallenge becomes 1,2 x 106, 1,69 x 106 dan 1,21 x 106 cells mm3 -1. Total leukocyte count of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 6,48 x 104, 7,36 x 104 and 6,56 x 104 cells mm3-1, and tend to increase  in 3rd and 7th hour postchallenge (8,8 x 104, 9,12 x 104 dan 105 cells mm3-1 and 1,26 x 105, 1,3 x 105, 1,27 x 105 cells mm3-1), but in 10th hour postchallenge the total leukocyte count becomes decreased again (1,24 x 105, 1,26 x 105, 1,18 x 105 cells mm3 -1). Thus, nilem carp padjadjaran strain has no better immune performance than its parents.

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