Identification of unidentified living and dead human bodies can be carried out for the purposes of criminal investigation and other police duties. Among the most important information to identify one's identity is the one obtained from the results of measuring the victim's height. Thus, it is necessary to determine the height of a body of unidentified identity during the examination. To date, the correlation between the body height and vertebrae has not been widely known. The purpose of this present study was to determine the correlation between the body height and the length of the vertebrae. The study was conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from January to July 2018. This was an observational analytical study on 57 samples consisting of 32 male and 25 female samples. Results indicated that the correlation between the vertebral length (thoracic vertebra (X1) and lumbar vertebra (X2)) and the body height as determined using the following equations: Y=47.428+2.991 X1+2.13 X 2 cm (male); Y=-32.496+3.800 X 1 +5.549 X 2 cm (female); show that there are quite strong when analyzed using t-test (r=0.799 for male and r=0.908 for female). In conclusions, this regression formula can be used in estimating the height found only in bones without other long bones.

The presence of spermatozoa in vagina is a definite sign of sexual intercourse. However, sometimes microscopic examination does not find spermatozoa or reveals a false negative result. This is influenced by many factors, including the absence of ejaculate in the vaginal canal. In addition, there are other factors such as oligo/azoospermia, vasectomy, degeneration of sperm due to time, incorrect sampling, and improper storage. Therefore, examination of the other components of the ejaculate, ie. the enzyme acid phosphatase, choline and spermin, is important. Compared with spermatozoa, the enzyme phosphatase, choline and spermin have lower evidentiary value because these three components are less specific. However, the level of phosphatase enzyme found in the vagina is much lower than phosphatase enzyme that comes from prostate gland. In this study, as many as 192 samples in the form of patches with sperm/semen stains were tested with acid phosphatase test and zinc test through direct and indirect examination. Washing was carried out using 7 types of detergent for each 4 patch samples, and washing using water as control. The results showed very low sensitivity (0.186) and very high specificity (100%). This showed that both tests had high specificity values. Acid phosphatase test specifically showed the presence of the enzyme phosphatase, while zinc test specifically showed the presence of zinc in semen. This phosphohydrolase-phosphatase enzyme is easily degraded due to external factors, including temperature, humidity, and chemicals, ie. the element SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) that has the ability to cut enzymes. The weakness of the acid phosphatase test is that this enzyme is easily degraded, either partially or completely, due to external factors, such as temperature, humidity, heat, and the presence of chemicals.

Identifikasi forensik dengan pemeriksaan DNA yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan asal usul anak; kasus paternitas; hubungan kekeluargaan; maupun identifikasi korban tak dikenal, semakin hari semakin diakui keberadaannya dalam menunjang penegakan hukum di tanah air. Hanya saja dalam perkembangannya pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan bahan DNA ini bukannya tanpa persoalan. Salah satu persoalan yang seringkali menjadi masalah yang serius bagi ahli DNA forensik maupun ahli DNA lainnya adalah kondisi DNA yang tergedradasi atau yang dikenal dengan istilah degraded DNA. Salah satu alternatif yang ditempuh dalam degradasi DNA  saat ini oleh ahli DNA forensik adalah melalui penggunaan mini primer set, yakni melalui metode pengurangan ukuran STR assays, pada pemeriksaan lokus DNA inti. Penelitian ini menggunakan mini primer CSF1PO, FGA & D21S11 pada bahan gigi molar dengan perlakuan paparan 5000C dalam waktu 20 dan 30 menit serta suhu 7500C dalam waktu 20 dan 30 menit. Hasil yang didapatkan terjadi penurunan kadar DNA gigi yang bermankna (p<0.05) sebagai efek paparan suhu tinggi. Visualisasi hasil PCR didapatkan hanya lokus CSF1PO yang masih terdeteksi dengan mini primer pada paparan suhu 7500C selama 30 menit (paparan maksimal penelitian ini)  sehingga melalui lokus tersebut  sangat potensial dalam pemeriksaan identifikasi melalui analisis DNA terutama dalam kondisi terdegradasi efek paparan suhu tinggi, serta mempercepat proses identifikasi terutama pada kejadian bencana (mass disaster) maupun kasus-kasus kriminal lainnya.

ccurate personal identification is important in investigations because an error in the identification process may bring fatal consequences during trial. The most common identification process is the Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] analysis. Degraded DNA sample due to extremely high-temperature exposure may limit DNA analysis. This study aimed to analyze DNA damage patterns caused by an extremely high temperature using STR (short tandem repeat) CODIS marker. This study was conducted at the Forensic and Medicolegal Department, Laboratorium Balai Besar Kesehatan Surabaya, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Human Genetic Study Group of Universitas Airlangga, and Faculty of Science and Technology of Universitas Brawijaya Malang from July until October 2009. Results of PCR visualization using STR CODIS for costae demonstrated that the THO1 detection (+) in 1,2500C - 40’: 25% and the TPOX detection (+) in 1,0000C - 30’: 50% whereas the results from molar teeth showed that the THOI locus detection (+) in 1,2500C - 30’: 25% and TPOX in 1,0000C - 40’: 50%. Results for PCR visualization using mini-STR CODIS for the costae presented that the mini-THOI in 1,2500C - 20’: 50% (+) while for the molar tooth the mini-THOI in 1,2500C - 30’ : 25% (+) and mini-TPOX in 1,0000C - 40’ : 50% (+). All loci were detected on costae and second molar teeth samples of the control group. Thus, extreme high-temperature exposure significantly decreased the DNA level of second costae and second molar tooth. Sequence patterns of STR loci successfully detected were TPOX, THO1, and CSF1PO.

The presence of spermatozoa in vagina is a definite sign of sexual intercourse. However, sometimes microscopic examination does not find spermatozoa or reveals a false negative result. This is influenced by many factors, including the absence of ejaculate in the vaginal canal. In addition, there are other factors such as oligo/azoospermia, vasectomy, degeneration of sperm due to time, incorrect sampling, and improper storage. Therefore, examination of the other components of the ejaculate, ie. the enzyme acid phosphatase, choline and spermin, is important. Compared with spermatozoa, the enzyme phosphatase, choline and spermin have lower evidentiary value because these three components are less specific. However, the level of phosphatase enzyme found in the vagina is much lower than phosphatase enzyme that comes from prostate gland. In this study, as many as 192 samples in the form of patches with sperm/semen stains were tested with acid phosphatase test and zinc test through direct and indirect examination. In the first method, washing was carried out on day 1, day 7, and month 3, and testing was carried out after each washing. In the second method, washing was carried out simultaneously and testing was carried out on day 1, day 7 and month 3. Washing was carried out using 7 types of detergent for each 4 patch samples, and washing using water as control. The results showed very low sensitivity (0.186) and very high specificity (100%). This showed that both tests had high specificity values. Acid phosphatase test specifically showed the presence of the enzyme phosphatase, while zinc test specifically showed the presence of zinc in semen. This phosphohydrolase-phosphatase enzyme is easily degraded due to external factors, including temperature, humidity, and chemicals, ie. the element SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) that has the ability to cut enzymes. The weakness of the acid phosphatase test is that this enzyme is easily degraded, either partially or completely, due to external factors, such as temperature, humidity, heat, and the presence of chemicals.